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Coevolution

the change of a biological object triggered by
the change of a related object
Punctuated Equilibrium

Theory in evolution that proposes that most species will
show little evolutionary change in their history

Most of the time, organisms are very stable

Rapid changes

Proposed by Stephen Jay Gould
Punctuated Equilibrium

Theory in evolution that proposes that most species will
show little evolutionary change in their history

Most of the time, organisms are very stable

Rapid changes

Proposed by Stephen Jay Gould
Cladogram

Is a diagram used in showing the relationship between
organisms
Cladogram

Is a diagram used in showing the relationship between
organisms
Cladogram

Is a diagram used in showing the relationship between
organisms
How are cladograms
constructed?

Organisms are grouped together based on their shared
characteristics (trait modified from the ancestral trait).
Cladograms are used to…

Organize organisms based on evolutionary relationships
(Phylogeny)

In other words, who is related to whom and where did they
come from?
Mrleetus Aquaticus
A
D
C
B
E
F
G
Mrleetus Aquaticus
C
B
A
D
E
F
G
Mrleetus Aquaticus
C
B
A
D
E
F
G
Mrleetus Aquaticus
C
B
G
A
D
E
F
Mrleetus Aquaticus
C
B
G
D
A
E
F
Mrleetus Aquaticus
C
B
G
E
D
F
A
Mrleetus Aquaticus
F
D
C
B
G
E
A
Mrleetus Aquaticus
B
G
A
D
F
E
Mrleetus Aquaticus
B
G
A
D
F
E
Mrleetus Aquaticus
B
G
A
D
F
E
Time
Mrleetus Aquaticus
B
G
A
D
Cell Membrane
F
E
Time
Mrleetus Aquaticus
B
G
A
D
Circle
Cell Membrane
F
E
Time
Mrleetus Aquaticus
G
B
A
E
F
D
6
5
7
4
3
2
1
Circle
Cell Membrane
Time
Mrleetus Aquaticus
G
B
A
E
F
D
6
5
7
4
3
2
1
Circle
Cell Membrane
Eye
Time
Mrleetus Aquaticus
G
B
A
E
F
D
6
5
7
4
3
2
1
Circle
Cell Membrane
Eye
Defense
Spikes
Time
Mrleetus Aquaticus
G
B
A
E
F
D
6
5
7
4
3
2
1
Circle
Cell Membrane
Eye
Defense
Spikes
Mouth
and
Teeth
Time
Mrleetus Aquaticus
G
B
A
E
F
D
6
7
5
4
3
2
1
Circle
Cell Membrane
Eye
Defense
Spikes
Mouth
and
Teeth
Red
Eye
Time
Mrleetus Aquaticus
G
B
A
F
D
6
7
5
4
3
2
1
Circle
Cell Membrane
Eye
Defense
Spikes
E
Mouth
and
Teeth
Red
Eye
More
Spikes
Time
Mrleetus Aquaticus
B
G
A
D
F
E
??
Mrleetus Aquaticus
B
G
A
D
F
E
??
Cladogram Practice

Using the Table, create a cladogram
Independent Practice

To make a cladogram, first look at the animals you are
studying and establish characteristics that they share and
ones that are unique. Using the table, indicate whether the
characteristic is present or not. Based on the table, create a
cladogram
Cells
Slugs
Catfish
Frog
Tiger
Human
Backbone
Legs
Hair
Opposable
Thumbs
Independent Practice

To make a cladogram, first look at the animals you are
studying and establish characteristics that they share and
ones that are unique. Using the table, indicate whether the
characteristic is present or not. Based on the table, create a
cladogram
Cells
Slugs
Catfish
Frog
Tiger
Human
Backbone
Legs
Hair
Opposable
Thumbs