Survey
* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
Download Gender Relations and Patriarchy
Document related concepts
no text concepts found
Transcript
Early Indian Civilization • • • • • • • Indigenous (pre-Ayran) Indian cultures Indo-Ayran migration Sanskrit Vedas Upanishads jati (caste) dharma Bogus “Aryans” Real Aryans Greece Mesopotamia Egypt Indus Ganges Greece Mesopotamia Egypt Indus Ganges Gender Relations and Patriarchy • What was the “original” male-female relationship? • Gender roles – biologically determined? • When does “social construction” become important? • Does religion require or reflect/reinforce ? • Evidence: – Hammurabi – Leviticus – Indian culture • Kama Sutra - sexuality embraced – Greek culture • Homophrosyne • Helen vs. Penelope • Why are gender relations a problem? – Eros = potential chaos – Gender roles need to be clear and understood • Prohibitions against homosexuality • Female “circumcision” (FGM) • Eros biologically determined. • Gender socially determined. “Genderbread Man” “Genderbread Man” Socially Determined Biologically Determined Socially Determined Biologically Determined Ancient Greece and the Modern GLBT Movement • Sappho of Lesbos Lacedaemon Kore Kouros Aphrodite of Cnidus by Praxiteles 400 - 323 BCE What was the real nature of malemale friendship in Ancient Greece? • Homosocial environments • No reference to male-male sex in the Iliad or Odsessy • But . . . What was the nature of the friendship between Achilles and Patroclus? By c. 500 BCE • The “lover” and “beloved” relationship Harmodius and Aristogeiton assassinated Hipparchus in 514 BCE Harmodius Aristogeiton Alcibiades (450–404 BC): “In his adolescence he drew away the husbands from their wives, and as a young man the wives from their husbands.” Diogenes Laeurtius “The noble lover of beauty engages in love wherever he sees excellence and splendid natural endowment without regard for any difference in physiological detail.” Plutarch (46 – 120 CE) Erotikos (Dialogue on Love) Sex was less the problem than what a specific sex act says about gender. Moderation • Hesiod – “Observe due measure, moderation is best in all things.' • Euripides – “Moderation, the noblest gift of heaven” • Plato – “We should pursue and practice moderation.” Ancient China • How is development in ancient China the same as that in Egypt, Mesopotamia, and India? • How is it different? • Geography? • Political and social organization? • Religion? Chinese Dynasties • “Three Sovereigns and the Five Emperors” (“Culture Heroes and Sage Kings”) 2852 – 2205 BCE • Xia 2070–1766 BCE • Shang 1766 – 1122 BCE • Zhou 1122 – 481 BCE “Mandate of Heaven”
