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Name: _________________________ Hour: _____ Mesopotamia NOTES Mesopotamia means ______________________________ and is located between the ___________ and _________________________ Rivers. This area is also known as _______________________ because of its rich soil and abundant crops. Agriculture in Mesopotamia used ____________________ and ____________________ to water crops and control the flow of rivers. The use of ____________________ helped agriculture prosper as well. The first states in Mesopotamia were called ____________________. They were ruled by a ______. The most prominent building in these early cities were called ____________________ and they were dedicated to the gods and goddesses who owned the city. Mesopotamian civilization was considered ____________________, which means believing in many gods. Eventually, _______________ , large political units under a single leader, were formed from these early cities. Mesopotamian cities were considered ____________________, which means dominated by men. The Babylonian king, ____________________, invented a famous early law code known as: ______________________________. This law code told courts how to operate, regulated property rights, told the specific duties of family members, and decided harsh punishments for criminals. There were __________ different laws. The ____________________, the name of the local people, did many things to advance this early civilization. Around 3000 B.C.E. they created a system of writing known as _______________, which used __________ shapes to stand for “alphabet” symbols. Two things were used to write with: ____________________ and ____________________. Writing was important because it helped a society keep _______________ and pass along _______________ from generation to generation. Other items were used to help tell stories as well. Paintings and _______________ of gods and goddesses were used for religious purposes and decorative purposes. These items help historians tell the story of the past. The Sumerians invented many different things, but the most noted are: the __________ to help transport people and goods from place to place. The _______________ was invented to shape containers. The _______________ helped keep time and the __________ was used in many of their construction projects. The Sumerians were also the first to make __________ out of two other metals: __________ and __________. A huge advancement for math came when the Sumerians came up with a number system based on _____. They were also the first people to map and study the stars in a field we know as ____________________. The Sumerians used _______________ as a form of currency to buy and sell goods. Along with foods and metal items, _______________ were also bought and sold to help the Sumerians build their cities.