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Emergency Capacity Building Project People Issues in Emergencies Understanding and Addressing Staff Turnover in Humanitarian Agencies Humanitarian Practice Network 2006 Insecurity Attacks on person Surrounding poverty and violence Demanding relations with beneficiaries and local authorities Health risks or poor facilities Difficult living conditions Dislocation – social, cultural, spiritual Heavy workload Tense relationships in the team Job insecurity HR issues in preparation Management issues (bureaucracy, decision making Programme roles and objectives (unrealistic or ambiguous) Sector culture - macho Limited contact with home Pressure from home Lack of experience Unrealistic expectations and motivations Poor self-care behaviour Psychological history Behavioural Change Cognitive Change stress Emotional Change Physical change The change may be beneficial or harmful! Headaches, chest pains, other physical complaints Tension in shoulders, neck, back, grinding teeth Excessive sleeping or insomnia Stomachache, indigestion, nausea Diarrhea or constipation Racing thoughts, difficulty in focusing Inability to concentrate, inability to recall incident/ events Rigidity, difficulty in seeing options Reduced attention span Restlessness, agitation, argumentative Loss of appetite or excessive eating Excessive use of alcohol, drugs, tobacco Promiscuity, sexual dysfunction Uncontrollable laughter, uncontrollable crying Losing things, accident prone Anger, anxiety, guilt Blaming others, negativity Feelings of isolation, sadness Frustration, anxiety Depression, low energy, boredom Stress reaction can be: Immediate Delayed Cumulative A blow to the psyche that overwhelms the coping mechanisms of an individual or group that often results in stress Intensity of event Duration of incident Perception of danger Level of exposure Individual profile Coping skills Social characteristics Previous experience Distancing attitude Black and white thinking Self-destructive behaviour