Download Ch. 12 Part 3 Notes

Ch. 12 Part 3 Notes

Title: Houston Regains Presidency

Main Idea: Sam Houston’s return to the
presidency signaled a change in the
government’s economic and Native
American policies.

Key Terms: archives
A Policy Of Economy
a.
b.
c.
Houston regained the presidency in 1841.
It was his second term as president of
Texas.
To reduce debt, he cut government jobs
and reduced the size of the army.
He tried to sell Navy ships, but angry
citizens of Galveston prevented the sale.
A Temporary Peace
a.
b.
Houston also renewed work for peaceful
and fair dealings with the Native
Americans.
Peace treaties were signed to ensure a
period of calm for several years.
Invasion Triggers The Archives War
a.
b.
In March 1842, a Mexican army of 500
soldiers led by General Vasquez invaded
Texas in response to the Santa Fe
expedition.
Many Texans panicked as they army
occupied San Antonio, Goliad, and
Refugio. The army later with draws after
several days, but….
Invasion Triggers The Archives War
President Houston tried to move the
government archives, or official documents,
to Houston under a state of emergency.
d. But citizens from Austin, led by Angelina
Eberly, suspected Houston wanted the
archives moved permanently. They resisted
this move with force and were successful.
e. This skirmish, called the Archives War,
ended with the documents staying in
Austin.
c.
Woll Invades Texas
a.
b.
In September 1842, a Mexican army of
1,400 soldiers led by General Woll
invaded Texas and occupied San
Antonio.
The Texas Rangers and Texas militia
responded and drove them out of Texas
after some heavy fighting.
The Mier Expedition
a.
b.
In November 1842, Houston ordered
General Somervell and 750 troops to
patrol the border area from San Antonio
to Laredo.
After finding no trace of the Mexican
army, Somervell ordered his troops back
to Gonzales.
The Mier Expedition
c.
d.
300 men led by Colonel Fisher mutinied
by attacking the Mexican town of Mier.
Result? The Mexican army of 900 men
led by General Ampudia outnumbered
the Texans and forced them to surrender
after two days of fighting.
The Drawing Of The Beans
a.
b.
c.
As Texas captives were marched to
Mexico City, some escaped, but later
died from starvation and exposure. The
rest were recaptured.
Santa Anna, now back in power, ordered
their punishment.
Of the 176 men recaptured, 17 were to
die.
The Drawing Of The Beans
d.
e.
To determine which men were to be
executed, each prisoner drew a bean
from a jar containing white and black
beans. Those who drew a black bean
were shot.
The rest of the prisoners were
transferred to a prison in Vera Cruz.
Feuds Lead To Unrest In East
Texas
a.
b.
c.
President Houston also dealt with trouble in
the old Neutral Ground territory of East Texas.
Feuds erupted over land titles; and 2 civilian
peacekeeping groups, the Regulators and the
Moderators (both formed to keep law and
order) constantly fought one another.
Result? Houston sent 600 soldiers to bring
about peace. He also traveled there in person
to remind them they’re all Texans and to stop
fighting.
Drawing of the beans
Ch. 12 Part 4 Notes

Title: Texas Becomes A State

Main Idea: Efforts for Texas annexation were
given a boost by the changing political
atmosphere in the United States.

Key Terms: manifest destiny, joint resolution
The Texas Question
a.
b.
c.
Throughout the years of the Republic, most
Texans still wanted Texas to join the USA.
By Houston’s second term, the “Texas
Question” became an important issue in
American politics.
Some Americans were against annexing Texas
because it would benefit slave owners and might
cause war with Mexico.
The Texas Question
d.
e.
f.
By April 1844, the USA and Texas signed a
treaty that would make Texas a territory of the
USA. Texas would also give all its public lands
in exchange for the USA to pay all its debts.
Most Texans were surprised when the US
Senate rejected the treaty by a vote of 35 to 16.
Most senators opposed it because Texas would
enter the US as a slave state and give the South
an advantage in the Senate (i.e. South > North).
Polk Wins Election
a.
b.
c.
In the US presidential election of 1844, James
K. Polk of the Democratic Party narrowly
defeated Henry Clay from the Whig Party.
Polk heavily favored annexation of Texas.
Polk and most Americans believed the USA
was destined to expand from the Atlantic coast
to the Pacific coast. - This is called manifest
destiny.
Polk Wins Election
d.
e.
Settlers wanted to live in fertile lands in
Oregon, California, and Texas.
Merchants wanted ports on the Pacific coast
where American ships could stop on their way
to trade with Asia.
Congress and Texas Approve
Annexation
a.
First, the US Congress proposed that Texas be
annexed by joint resolution, a resolution passed
by both houses of Congress that has the force of
law and a simple majority of each house (instead
of two-thirds majority vote required by the Senate
to approve a treaty).
i.
Congress passed this on February 28, 1845.
The joint resolution provided for immediate statehood,
bypassing the time Texas would be a territory.
ii.
Congress and Texas Approve
Annexation
b.
Second, Anson Jones, president of Texas in
1844, called a special session of the Texas
Congress to consider and vote for annexation.
i.
The Texas congress approved annexation on
October 13, 1845.
They also wrote a new state constitution.
ii.
c.
Third, on December 29, 1845, President Polk
signed the resolution that made Texas a state.
Mexico Offers Recognition
a.
b.
c.
d.
France and Great Britain preferred Texas stay an
independent nation, rather than joining the USA.
They tried to convince Mexico to recognize Texas
so the annexation wouldn’t happen.
In May 1845, Mexico offered to recognize Texas
on 1 condition – Texas must reject annexation by
the USA.
Texas rejected the proposal and voted to approve
annexation by the USA.
“The Republic of Texas is No
More!”
a.
b.
c.
On February 19, 1846, Anson Jones, the last
president of the Republic, turned the
government over to J. Pinkney Henderson, the
first governor of the state of Texas.
The Lone Star flag was lowered, and the stars
and stripes flag was raised.
Texas officially became the 28th state in the
United States of America.