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China China: Philosophy and Religion • Confucius was addressed as The Master all over China • His teachings were based on virtue and goodness • Confucius believed that the past tells us how to live in the present • His sayings were recorded in a book called The Analects • Other Chinese philosophies include Taoism ( Daoism) and Legalism • Buddhism spread to China from India Chinese dynasty • A family of powerful leaders in China, with the first dynasties starting as early as the Xia Dynasty which reined from 2100 to 1600 B.C. • Dynasties ended because food shortages, famine and war overwhelmed the Qing Dynasty China as a Republic • In 1911, Sun Yat-sen founded the Chinese Nationalist Party and overthrew the Qing dynasty in 1912. Yat sen was the first provisional president and China struggled with establishing China as a Republic. • The Chinese Communist party also formed and the two parties fought for control of China. • Before becoming communist, the Chinese government improved transportation, provided education to more people and encouraged industry. However the lives of peasants and workers were not improved and many turned to the communist party for help. **Nationalist means a person who advocates political independence for a country Mao Zedong As the first communist chairman of China, Mao Zedong implemented reforms such as division of land and establishing collective farms. In 1958 Mao launched a program called the Great Leap Forward to speed economic development. It did the opposite: Within a year China’s economy was shattered by the collective farms. Poor agricultural production, droughts and floods destroyed crops. 20 million people starved and millions died of disease. China abandoned the Great Leap Forward. Cultural Revolution After the Great Leap Forward failed, Mao feared the people would want to make China a capitalist country. In 1966 he launched the Cultural Revolution to remove opposition to the Communist Party. The Cultural Revolution ended with the death of Mao in 1976. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GAGgXz_N98U China’s government today • Deng Ziaoping replaced Mao and established diplomatic relations with the United States. • China made reforms such as allowing farmers to own land, releasing political prisoners and reducing to power of the police force. However, the government was not willing to give up any of it’s basic control. • The Chinese Communist Party holds the power in China and controls what happens locally. • The government only allows churches and temples that are closely linked to the party to operate Tiananmen Square • China’s government has history of repressing human rights. • In 1989, the military denied freedom of speech when protesters called for democracy. • Tiananmen Square in Beijing was the location of weeks of protests. • The military killed hundreds and wounded many more to end the protests. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rD2vo1VPi-M Today’s Economy and Government Because China is communist, the government controls most of its economy. However, the United States regularly purchases goods made in China. China has placed emphasis on improving industry and has become one of the largest cotton and metal producers. Many farm use outdated equipment, but China is still the world’s largest producer of rice and is a major source of wheat, corn, soybeans, peanuts, cotton and tobacco. With an emphasis on industry, China has allowed some privatization of businesses so it is considered to have a mixed economy.