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Chapter 4.2 History and Culture of China pgs. 114-120 Name _________________________________Hour ____ The Big Idea: Ruled by ____________ in its early history, China is a __________________ country with an ___________________ population and _______________ __________________. Main Idea 1: Family lines of ______________ ruled __________ for most of its _______________ history. China’s early civilization’s achievements include ____________ compass, _______________, _____________, _____________, and _____________. China’s Dynasties China has been ruled by many ___________. o The ruler of a __________ is called an _____________. The ________ dynasty was the first to __________ China under one ___________. o ___ __________ was the greatest ruler who began building the _________ __________ of ________. The great wall was designed to _________ out _______________. o Shi Huangdi also had thousands of ______________ (clay) warriors made to _____________ his _____________. Outside Influences in China Historically China has not wanted __________ with the outside ______________. They viewed their culture as ______________ and had little ___________ for foreigners. Natural land barriers such as ___________________, ______________, and ________ isolated the region. As the _____________ for Chinese goods (such as _________ and __________) rose China was __________ to open up ___________. o _____________ took control of ____________ of the _____________ as well. Main Idea 2: In China’s modern history, _____________ and ______ ______ led to a ____________________ government. Revolution and Civil War China’s civil war ended in _____. They became a ______________ state. Communist China under Mao In a communist system the government ________ most __________ and ___________ and controls ____ areas of life. The government ________ (took control of) all ____________, ______________, and ______________. Some changes _______________ life (women could work) others ___________ freedoms. There was a _________ in the 1960’s that killed _____________. Communist China since Mao After ____ dies ______ ___________ rose to power. He worked to ___________ China. Main Idea 3: China has the __________ most people and a rich _________ shaped by ___________ ____________. China has a population ____ billion people – the world’s __________ population! Population and Settlement (look at map on page 116) Only ___ percent of China’s people live in the ______, the rest (90) are jam-packed in the _____. o Major _______ have a population of over _____________ people. China’s population __________ to grow – about ______ million each year. o China’s officials have worked to _________ ___ ___________ by urging people to ________ having children and limiting each couple to _____ _________. o These actions have _______ the population ________. Ethnic Groups and Language 92% of China’s people identify their __________ as Han Chinese. They all share the same culture and traditions. Many Han speak ___________ – China’s _________ language. Others speak a __________, a regional version of a language. The remaining ______ of China’s population is made up of ____ ethnic groups. Most of these groups live in ___________ and ___________ China. They have their own distinct cultures. o ____ – from Gansu province in Central China. Most are ___________. o ___________ – from Quizhou, in southern China. The Zhuang are China’s _________ _________ group. o Religion, Values, and Beliefs Ancient religions, ________, and beliefs ________ _____ for China’s people, even though the Communist government _____________ the practice of __________. (In the communist system, the government owns most businesses and land and controls all areas of life) China’s two main beliefs systems are __________ and ___________. o Daoism – which stresses _________ _______ and in ________ with ________. Its name comes from the word Dao meaning “_____ _____.” o Buddhism – Buddhists believe ________ behavior, ___________, and ____________ can lead to peace Many Chinese blend elements of Daoism and Buddhism with ________________. o Confucianism stresses the ____________ ___ _________, moral values, and ________ for one’s elders. Other major religions in China include ______________ and _______. Ancestor worship and fortune-telling are popular among Chinese as well. The Arts and Popular Culture China has a ______ ___________ tradition Crafts include items made of ______, bronze, ________, silk, or ________. o Porcelain is highly prized for it _________ and ________. Traditional Chinese painting is done on _______ or fine paper o Reflects a focus on __________ and __________ with nature. Landscapes of mountains, lakes, and trees are popular subjects. o _______________ – decorative writing Chinese literature – known for their beautiful __________ Chinese theater – traditional Chinese ________ which ______ ________ through spoken word, music, and dance o Actors wear _____________ costumes and makeup Traditional Chinese architecture – __________ buildings on _________ bases o Pagodas – Buddhist __________ that have multi-storied towers with an upward curving roof at each floor. o Many cities are a mix of traditional and modern architecture. Beijing’s National Day – celebrated on _______________ with huge ___________ in Tiananmen Square. o Dragon dances bring ________ ___________ to important events o Lion dances performed to spread ______ ____________ to the community Military parade of soldiers and tanks shows _________ _________ Popular culture includes activities such as o Martial _______ and table tennis o Mah-jongg is a popular game played with ________ ______ o Karaoke clubs where people go to ______ ___ ________