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China ·
Geographic Features
Famous people
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Cultural Aspects
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Himalayan Mountains, Gobi Desert – protection from invasion
Natural Resources
Many different climates
Important rivers and river valleys: Yellow (Huang He), Yangtze River
Most people live in the East (near rivers and coastline)
Southeast China has monsoons Confucius ­philosopher
Zheng He ­admiral sent by the Ming emperor to explore
Kublai Khan­emperor of China during Mongol (Yuan) Dynasty
Sun Yat­sen (Yixian)­ "Father of modem China"; founded the Nationalist Party
Chiang Kai­Shek (Jiang Jieshi) ­Takes over Nationalist Party; fights civil war against communists; flees to Taiwan
Mao Zedong­ communist leader; sets up communist state in China [Long March, Great Leap Forward, Cultural Revolution]
Deng Xiaoping: Communist leader after Mao [4 Modernizations, Tiananmen Square Massacre] Ethnocentrism: belief that ones culture is superior to another
Confucianism: respect for superiors and elders; filial piety (children respect parents); Goal = social order (5 relationships) 1. Ruler over subject 2. Father over son 3. Older brother over younger brother 4. Husband over wife 5. Friends are = to one another
Daoism: People should live in harmony with nature; YIN and YANG (opposite forces of nature)
Buddhism: Came from India into China
Traditional Society­ Peasant farmers; male dominated society
Communist Society­ state is more important than family
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Early History
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Age of Imperialism
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Modern Times
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Yellow (Huang He) River Valley Civilization­ one of first civilizations
Dynastic China­ Mandate of Heaven (belief that right to rule came from gods)
Qin: 1st emperor
Great Wall­ built to keep invaders out
Silk road­trade routes from China into Europe
Civil Service exams were used to choose government officials
Tang and song dynasties= Golden Age Manchu (Qing )Dynasty –last dynasty
Boxer Rebellion­ wanted foreigners out of China
Spheres of influence­ western powers had control over parts of China
Opium war­ between China and Great Britain
Treaty of Nanking­ forced China to open ports
America proposes the Open Door Policy­ plan for equal trade. Chinese republic (1912) led by Sun Yat­sen Nationalist Party)­ 3 People’s principles= democracy, nationalism, livelihood
Chiang Kai­shek­ wants to remove communists
Long march ­retreat of communists from Chiang; Mao becomes the leader
Chinese civil war = Nationalists vs. Communists
Communists win because they have support of the peasants
China under Mao: communism; the Great Leap Forward (plan to increase agriculture and industrial production) – failed; commune system (government farms); Cultural Revolution­ young encouraged to hunt down people who weren't communist enough
China under Deng: Four Modernizations (limited capitalism); Tiananmen Square Massacre­ young people protested for democratic reforms; government cracked down and arrested and killed many protesters
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Economic features
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Changes in agriculture = Landowners ­> collective farms ­> Communes ­> private ownership
Industrialization­ now allows limited capitalism
Foreign trade­ opened by Deng Xiaoping