Download Unit 4 - Endocrine System and Development Study Guide

Endocrine System and Development Study Guide
Vocabulary
Hormone
Local Hormones
Target Tissue
Negative Feedback Loop
Endocrine
Positive Feedback Loop
Exocrine
Hypothalamus
Neurosecretory
Pituitary
Important Topics/Concepts
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Be able to explain how the endocrine system is a form of the signal transduction
pathway. What are the structures involved in this process? How does this differ from
the other signal transduction pathways that we have studied?
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What is a hormone?
What is a target tissue? What are some common target tissues that we discussed in
class?
There are three major types of hormones/glands. Be able to recognize these hormone
types/gland types and explain what they do.
 Exocrine?
 Endocrine?
 Neurosecretory?
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Overall, how do hormones work to regulate body processes? Use the diagram below to
help you explain the process. Try to break this down into steps that are easier to
manage.
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What are local hormones? How do they work to regulate processes in the body?
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Hormone structure can be broken down into two major classes. What are these
classes?
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How do peptide and monoamine hormones work?
How do steroid hormones work?
Be able to use the signal transduction pathway to explain these.
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Feedback loops allow your body to regulate all of the processes that need to happen
throughout life. They are incredibly important and are controlled by hormones.

What is a negative feedback loop? Be able to explain an example of this.

What is a positive feedback loop? Be able to explain an example of this.
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What is the hypothalamus and why is it an important part of the endocrine system?
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What is the pituitary gland and why is it an important part of the endocrine system?

Give one example of a hormone released by the pituitary and explain it’s
function.
Vocabulary
Cleavage
Blastopore
Morula
Deuterostomes
Blastula
Protostomes
Blastulation
Ectoderm
Animal Pole
Mesoderm
Vegetal Pole
Endoderm
Important Topics/Concepts
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How do DNA and genes control the development of organisms?
 What are cytoplasmic determinants?
 What is apoptosis?
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What is cleavage? Explain how cleavage leads to the development of organisms.
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The following diagram shows the process of blastulation and gastrulation. You should
be able to recognize the various stages of animal development and be able to explain
why these stages are important.
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What is blastulation? What do we call the ball of cells created before
blastulation?
What is gastrulation? What do we call the ball of cells created before
gastrulation?
What is the gastrula and how is it different from the other two stages of
early embryo development?
What is the animal pole?
What is the vegetal pole?
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As a result of gastrulation, three major cell layers are created.
 What is the ectoderm and what does this cell layer become?
 What is the mesoderm and what does this cell layer become?
 What is the endoderm and what does this cell layer become?
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As development is progressing, organisms will take one of two paths. We call one path
the protostomes and one path the deuterostomes.
 What is a protostome?
 What is a dueterostome?