Download Health Notes KD16

Health and the
Human Body
Anatomy & Physiology
2015
What is Health?
 Health is “a state of
complete physical,
mental, and social
well-being and not
merely the absence of
disease” (World Health
Organization)
 When you are
“healthy”, your body
is in homeostasis
(balanced conditions).
 Healthcare is the
diagnosis, treatment,
and prevention of
mental and physical
disease, illness, and
injury.
Why learn about health in human
anatomy & physiology class?
 Learning about the body naturally lends
to wondering what happens when
things go wrong.
 Throughout the year, we will focus on
understanding many diseases related to
each body system.
 We will also focus on disease
prevention by learning about how to
maintain a healthy diet and exercise.
Factors that Affect Health
 Many things can
affect your health.
 Disease
 Injury
 Genetics
 Environment
 Nutrition
 Exercise
Diseases
 Disease: Any condition that impairs
normal body function (ie. It disrupts
homeostasis)
 Categories of Disease
 1. Infectious Disease: contagious
diseases caused by pathogens (ex.
Bacteria, viruses, etc.)
 Ex: Flu, Pneumonia, Chicken Pox
 Sexually-Transmitted Diseases (STDs)
are contracted from sexual contact
Diseases
 2. Non-infectious Diseases: noncontagious that are often chronic (longlasting) and may progress slowly
 Types of Non-infectious disease:
 a) Autoimmune Disease: your own
immune system attacks your body
 Ex: Allergies, Type I Diabetes,
Lupus, Rheumatoid arthritis
 b) Cardiovascular Disease
 Ex: heart attack, stroke, high blood
pressure
Diseases
 c) Organ or Organ System Diseases
 Ex: Kidney disease, Osteoporosis,
Diabetes, Alzheimer’s disease
 d) Cancer: caused by a mutation in DNA of a
cell that results in uncontrolled growth
forming a tumor
 Benign tumors aren’t cancerous
 Malignant tumors are cancerous
 Metastasis occurs when cancerous cells
break off from the tumor and spread to
other parts of the body.
 Cancer can occur in different parts of the
body, but some types are more common
than others.
How Cancer Starts
Injury
 An injury is damage to the body due to
trauma (external physical means).
 Ex: breaking a bone, cuts, scrapes,
burns, puncture wounds
 Injuries can range from minor to severe.
 Injuries can be external or internal.
Genetics & Environment
 Genetic Disorders can also disrupt
homeostasis because of unfavorable
mutations that are inherited.
 Ex: Sickle cell anemia, cystic fibrosis
 Environmental Factors (things outside
your body) may also cause or contribute
to disease.
 Ex: Pollution and asthma, Smoking and
lung cancer
Nutrition
 Your diet is what you eat.
Ideally, your diet
provides you with nutrients needed for
growth, maintenance, and overall health.
 Some foods can actually cause diseases
to develop when consumed over long
periods of time.
 High sugar intake puts you at risk for
obesity & Type 2 Diabetes.
 High salt intake puts you at risk for
high blood pressure.
 High fat and cholesterol intake puts
you at risk for cardiovascular disease.
Exercise
 Physical Exercise enhances and maintains
physical fitness and overall health by:
 Strengthening muscles & the
cardiovascular system
 Boosting immune system
 Preventing depression and stress
 Maintaining a healthy weight
 USE IT OR LOSE IT! is totally true when it
comes to your muscles’ strength