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Tissue Review
Development of Tissue:
Endoderm becomes gastrointestinal tract, respiratory tract, endocrine glands and organs
Mesoderm becomes bones, cartilage, blood, muscles
Ectoderm becomes the nervous system and skin
4 types of human body tissue:
1.
Epithelial
2. Connective
3. Muscle
4. Nervous
Classifications of epithelial tissue
Tissue type
Simple squamous
Simple cuboidal
Simple columnar
Pseudostratified
columnar
Stratified squamous
Structure
Single layer flat cells
disc-shaped nuclei
Single layer cube like
cells large spherical
nuclei
Single layer of tall cells
oval nuclei, many have
cilia
Location
Lining of lymphatic &
cardiovascular system
Liver, surface of ovaries,
duct linings of glands,
lining of kidney tubules
Non-ciliated – digestive
tract, ciliated-bronchi,
uterine tubes, uterus
Single layer of cells
w/different heights,
nuclei seen at different
levels
Several layers of flat
cells
Lungs, nasal cavities,
linings of reproductive
system tubes
Stratified cuboidal
Several layers of cube
like cells
Stratified columnar
Several layers of
Transitional
Several layers: basal
cells cuboidal, surface
cells dome-shaped
Keratinized – skin, nonkeratinized-lining of
esophagus, mouth,
vagina
Rare in body-sweat
glands, mammary
glands
Rare- pharynx, male
urethra, lining of some
glandular ducts, salivary
ducts
Bladder, uterus, ureters,
part of urethra
Function
Slick, friction reducing
lining
Makes insulin &
glucagons in liver,
secretion & absorption
Moves substances
through internal
passageways, mucus
secretion
Secretion of mucus and
propulsion of sex cells
Protection of
underlying areas
subject to abrasion
Secretion & absorption
Secretion & absorption
Stretches to permit
distension
Classification of connective tissue
Tissue type
Connective tissue
proper-Loose: Areolar
Structure
Gel-like matrix w/all
types of fibers,
fibroblasts,
macrophages, mast
cells, wbc
Matrix similar to areolar
but w/closely packed
adipocytes
Location
Widely distributed
throughout the body
Function
Wraps around &
cushions organs
Under skin, around
kidneys, within
abdomen, breasts
Tendons, ligaments &
aponeuroses
Connective tissue
Cartilage-Hyaline
Parallel collagen fibers
w/ a few elastic fibers,
major cell type is
fibroblast
Irregularly arranged
collagen fibers with
some elastic fibers,
major cell type is
fibroblast
Jelly-like, chondrocytes
in lacunae
Reserves food stores,
insulates against heat
loss, supports &
protects / nutrient
needs of highly active
organs
Attaches bone to bone,
muscle to bone,
muscles to muscles
Connective tissue
Cartilage-Elastic
Similar to hyaline but
has more fibers
External ear, epiglottis
Connective tissue
Cartilage-Fibrocartilage
Matrix similar to hyaline
but less firm w/thick
collagen fibers
Intervertebral discs,
pubic symphysis, discs
of knee joint
Connective tissue –
Bone
Hard, calcified matrix
with collagen fibers,
osteocytes are found in
lacunae and are well
vascularized
Compact & spongy
bones
Connective tissue Blood
Red (carry O2, CO2) and
white cells (defense) in
a fluid matrix (plasma)
Contained within blood
vessels
Connective tissue
proper-Loose: Adipose
Connective tissue
proper-Dense: Regular
Connective tissue
proper-Dense: Irregular
Found in the dermis,
submucosa of the
digestive tract, and
fibrous organ capsules
Withstands tension in
many directions
providing structural
strength
Ends of long bones,
nose, trachea, larynx
Supports, reinforces,
cushions, resists
compression
Maintains shape &
structure while allowing
flexibility
Tensile (twisting)
strength, absorbs
compression shock
Supports, protects, &
provides levers for
muscular action
stores Ca, minerals, and
fat, red marrow inside
bones is the site of
hematopoiesis
Functions in the
transport of respiratory
gases, nutrients, and
wastes
Classification of Muscular Tissue
Tissue type
Muscle tissue - skeletal
Muscle tissue - cardiac
Muscle tissue - smooth
Structure
Long cylindrical cells
that can stretch from
knee to hip and have
multiple nuclei
intercalated disc =
undulating double
membrane separating
adjacent cells in cardiac
muscle fibers
Location
Muscles connecting
bones
Function
Muscles contract and
things move
Heart
Sheets of spindleshaped cells with
central nuclei that have
no striations
Walls of hollow organs
Propels blood as it
contracts
Intercalated discs
support synchronized
contraction of cardiac
tissue
Propels substances
along internal
passageways (i.e.,
peristalsis)
Classification of Nervous Tissue
Tissue type
Nervous tissue
Structure
Branched neurons with
long cellular processes
and support cells
Location
Found in the brain,
spinal cord, and
peripheral nerves
Function
Transmits electrical
signals from sensory
receptors to effectors
(using ions)