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Prof Dr. Salah El-Din El-Mofty September 2008 Introduction to MPM dept. The dept. of MPM encompasses programs concerned with finding, production, management and utilization of mineral resources, Oil and Gas. One of the strong points in this dept. is the interaction between various groups within and outside the department. Introduction to MPM dept. 1. 2. 3. There are three B.Cs. Degrees given by this department which are: Mining Engineering B.Sc. Petroleum Engineering B.Sc. Metallurgical B.Sc. Introduction to MPM dept The programs in the department can be divided into three broad interrelated areas which are: Mining Engineering Division 2. Petroleum Engineering Division 3. Metallurgical Engineering Division 1. 1.Mining Engineering Division It is the branch responsible for extracting mineral wealth from earth’s crust for direct use or for subsequent processing. It impacts all down stream industries such as metal, nonmetal, chemical, agricultural, construction, space industries. 1.Mining Engineering Division It provides engineering courses such as: 1. Mathematics 2. Physics 3. Chemistry 4. Geology 5. Rock Mechanics 6. Ventilation 7. Mining Engineering 8. Surveying 9. Mineral Processing 1.Mining Engineering Division The mining division is well equipped with several laboratories and pilot scale units. These include the fields of: 1. Mine surveying 2. Rock mechanics 3. Mine ventilation 4. Mining geology 5. Ore mineralogy 6. Material Technology & Chemical Analysis 1.Mining Engineering Division Graduates are capable of executing and managing the following engineering duties: 1. Surveying 2. Quarry and open pit engineering 3. Underground mining 4. Material processing and Material processing plant design 5. Mine ventilation 6. Road construction 7. Tunneling 2. Petroleum Engineering division Teaching petroleum engineering started in the fall of 1944. At that time, the department was the first of its kind in the Middle East and Africa. 2. Petroleum Engineering division Besides the B.Sc., the department grants two postgraduate diplomas in exploration and production engineering, an M.Sc. And Ph.D. degrees in petroleum engineering. 2. Petroleum Engineering division Relationship between the teaching stuff and the industry is rather excellent. Most of the postgraduates are industry members and the topics of their research work address industry problems. 3. Metallurgical Engineering Division Metallurgical Engineering embraces science and technology of making and treating of metals and alloys. Physics and chemistry of metals are the foundation of this specialty which is applied to industries including iron and steel making, aluminum industry, foundries, heat treatment shops and nuclear fuel cycle. 3. Metallurgical Engineering Division It is well equipped with laboratories that cover: 1. Wet chemical analysis 2. Optical metallographic 3. X-ray diffraction 4. Scanning electron microscope 5. Mechanical testing 3. Metallurgical Engineering Division The relationship of this division with the industry is strong and fruitful for both sides. Applied research contracted with industry is taken as the subjects of M.Sc. And Ph.D. thesis and helps and development of the industry. Short term projects in topics like local manufacturing, failure analysis and corrosion control are normal business of the faculty members. Mining Division الثروة التعدينية فى مصر تم تقسيمها إلى ثالث عناصررئيسية: أ -خامات الطاقة الصلبة وتشمل : -1الخامات الكربونية مثل الفحم والطفالت الكربونية واالحجار الزيتية. -2الخامات المشعة مثل اليورانيوم والثوريوم . ب -الخامات الفلزية وتشمل : -1الخامااات الحديديااة :االلمنياا – المنجنيااز – الكااروم- الحديد -2الخامات الغير الحديدية :النحاس – النيكال – الرصااص – الزنك الكوبال – الفانديوم ....الخ . -3المعادن النفيسة :الذهب – الفضة – البالتين ج -خامات الفلزية وتشمل : -1خامات الصناعات الكيميائية واالسمدة مثل الفوسفات - المتبخرات البوتاسيوم – الكبري -الحجر الجيرى – التلك -2خامات الحراريات والسيراميك مثل الفلسبار – الكولين- الطفالت – رمل الزجاج – الزيركون – كوارتز – البنتوني - ماجنزي – ميكا . -3خامات مواد البناء والرصف مثل الحجر الجيرى – الحجر الرملى البازل – الزلط – الرمال الدولومي . -4االحجار الكريمة وشبه الكريمة واحجار الزيتية مثل الزبرجد – الزمرد – التركواز – رخام – الباستر - : سربنتين – احجار جيرية صلبة . جراني والخريطة التالية توضح اهم الخامات التعدينية ومواقعها فى ج.م.ع شعبة هندسة المناجم أ.د /صالح الدين محمد المفتى أستاذ المناجم أكتوبر 2008 Rocks 1. 2. 3. Rocks are naturally occurring solids composed of one or more minerals. Rocks are identified by the minerals they contain and are grouped according to their origin into three major classes: Sedimentary Igneous Metamorphic Sedimentary rocks are formed from:(1) the weathering and transport of pre-existing rocks (2) the chemical precipitation of sediments Examples of sedimentary rocks are Limestone Igneous rocks result from the cooling of molten rock or magma to create rocks like Granites Metamorphic rocks have been physically and mineralogically changed by heat and pressure to form another type of rock; for example, the sedimentary rock limestone will become the metamorphic rock Marble Minerals Definitions of Minerals Geology definition:a naturally occuring in organic element or compound have orderly internal structure and characteristic chemical composition, crystal form, and physical. Economic definitions:when economists, engineers, and scientists use the word "mineral" in an economic context, they generally use the terms "industrial minerals" or "mineral resources." The term "mineral resources" refers to the occurrence of any mineral commodity that could be removed from the ground. Class set of minerals Gold Ilmenite Barite Muscovite Mining Methods Open Pit Surface Mine The definition of a open pit mine is "an excavation or cut made at the surface of the ground for the purpose of extracting ore and which is open to the surface for the duration of the mine’s life. Underground mining Underground mining involves the excavation of tunnels and rooms beneath Earth's surface. Compared to surface mining, underground mining is expensive and dangerous. Petroleum Division Prof .Dr. Abd El- Satar Dahab Introduction to Petroleum Industry Structured around major activities: Up Stream: 1. Exploration 2. Drilling 3. Production 4. Reservoir Structured around major activities: Down Stream: 1. Transportation 2. Refining 3. Petrochemicals 4. Marketing Division of work may change: time, location, size, policies, laws Traits of the Oil and Gas industry Require large investments 2. Entail high technical and political risks 3. Products are exhaustible: no recycling 4. Has a great influence of foreign societies 5. Has major international companies and many local or international independents 6. Deal with strategic commodities 7. Heavily use high technology 1. Weight of the ME in World’s Energy Share of production in 30% ( 22 MMB/D ) 2. Low regional consumption 3. Big share of reserves: oil 65% , Gas 30% 4. Low production cost 5. Strategic location 6. Surplus refined products ( 23% from their production ) 1. The Future : Weight of ME 1. 2. 3. World will still depend on oil and gas ME lead will continue Major reserves will remain in the ME Main Market of Middle East Oil Area % of Imports USA 21 OECD , Europe 43.2 Japan 64 Eastern Asia 80 Major ME exporters of LNG Area Million tons / year Qatar 40 Algeria 14.7 Iran 5 Abu Dhabi 3.4 The ME will Enjoy its central position for the years to come . Sedimentary Sediments Rocks Metamorphic Igneous Rocks Rocks The Rock Cycle Magma مصيدة متكونة نتيجة لقبة ملحية خارقة مصيدة تركيبة أثر الفوالق عىل انفصال جتمعات النفط يف مصايد منفصةل من الكتةل الصتصدعة . Geophysical Prospecting Methods 1) Magnetic Surveying : F=a Where : M1 M2 r2 Fmagnetic Force. A– constant generally unity. M1 & M2 – strength of the respective poles. r– distance between poles. 2) Gravity Surveying : F=G Where : M1 M2 d2 F – Gravitational force between two point masses M1 & M2 d – Distance between M1 & M2 G – Gravitational constant 2 ( 6.67 × 10-11 m3 / kg S ) 3) Seismic Surveying . 4) Remote Sensing: Collection of data without the actual contact of the object . ( aeromagnetic & gravity ) . Useful for topographic mapping specially in desert areas When used in conjunction with other techniques such as gravity & magnetic , it may delineate anomalies that deserve further attention on the ground Rigs, Drill String\START.EXE Metallurgical Division Prof. Dr. Randa Abd-El Karim Introduction to Metallurgical Engineering The aluminium story – adding and retaining value ALUMINIUM PRODUCTION GHGs from Primary Aluminium Production Alumina Production 1.5 – 2.5 t CO2eq/t Al IAI average = 1.9 Electricity Input 15.6 MWh/t Al 0 – 20.8 t CO2/t Al IAI average = 5.8 Feeder PFC Generation 0.02 – 24.5 t CO2eq/t Al Global average = 1.26 Anode Carbon 1.7 – 2.1 t CO2eq/t Al IAI average = 2.0 Gases Anode Electrolyte Molten Aluminium Cathode Block Source: IAI Life Cycle Inventory Data IAI 2003 PFC Survey GHG from Primary Aluminium Production Two PFC (perfluorocarbon compounds - CF4 and C2F6) contribute about 40% of direct primary aluminium GHG emissions Nano Materials Automotive example Nanopowders and coatings will increase durability of paint coatings Carbon nanotubes based alloys are being examined as a replacement for automobile frames due to their high strength and reduced weight The unique combination of stiffness and toughness of nanopolymer composites will make these lightweight materials ideal substitutes for steel in automobiles. Additionally, nanopolymer composite panels enables electrostatic painting, greatly reducing paint costs and environmental issues Nano-scale metal oxide ceramic catalysts will further reduce harmful emissions Nano-catalysts and membrane technologies will play critical role in making fuel cells economically viable and replacing the internal combustion engine A picture of nanofibrils shown with a human hair for reference (reproduced with permission from Espin Technologies, Inc.) AN EXAMPLE OF WHAT CORROSION CAN DO Severe Corrosion Environment Corroded C-141 Corroded C-141 Environmental Pollution Thank You