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Chapter 5
Oxygen Uptake, Oxygen Deficit and Oxygen Debt
Text Sources
1.
Nelson Physical
Education VCE Units
3&4: 4th Edition –
Malpeli, Horton, Davey
and Telford 2006.
2. Live It Up 2: 2nd Edition –
Smyth, Brown, Judge,
McCallum and Pritchard
2006.
VCE Physical Education - Unit 3
Body Systems - Respiratory
VCE Physical Education - Unit 3
Body Systems - Circulatory
VCE Physical Education - Unit 3
Body Systems - Muscular
VCE Physical Education - Unit 3
Muscle Structure Overview
VCE Physical Education - Unit 3
Oxygen Uptake
Oxygen Uptake, Oxygen Deficit and Oxygen Debt
Delivery of Oxygen to the Working Muscles
• The respiratory system is responsible for the extraction of
oxygen from the atmosphere. This process is called ventilation.
• Diffusion – Exchange of gases based on concentration levels
(High to low). Occurs at a cellular level (In the lungs and in the
muscle cell)
• Cardiac output (Heart rate x stroke volume) - The heart pumps
out oxygenated blood to the vascular system.
• Oxygen combines with haemoglobin in the
blood
• Myoglobin, in the muscle attracts the oxygen
from the blood and draws it into the mitochondria.
• Waste produces of aerobic metabolism is
removed from the muscle cell via diffusion.
See fig 5.2 p.119
VCE Physical Education - Unit 3
Oxygen Uptake
Limiting factors to oxygen
uptake;
•Respiratory system –
ability to take in oxygen
•Cardiovascular system –
ability to transport and
deliver oxygen
•Muscular system –
Utilisation of oxygen
•Type of exercise
performed, genetic
inheritance, lifestyle, age
and gender.
VCE Physical Education - Unit 3
VCE Physical Education - Unit 3
VCE Physical Education - Unit 3
Heart Rate and Oxygen consumption
When exercising;
•Our heart rate increases to meet
the oxygen demands for the
working muscles.
•The relationship between HR
and oxygen consumption is
linear.
•Trained athletes are able to
utilise their oxygen uptake more
efficiently than non trained
people.
See fig 5.3 p.119
VCE Physical Education - Unit 3
p.119
Heart Rate and Intensity
VCE Physical Education - Unit 3
Oxygen Deficit
Oxygen Uptake, Oxygen Deficit and Oxygen Debt
Oxygen Deficit
Oxygen deficit occurs
when the demand for
oxygen exceeds the
supply of oxygen
available.
The body therefore needs
to obtain ATP through
anaerobic pathways.
Short duration/high
intensity – Lactic acid is
produced but is removed
once oxygen demands are
met.
p.120
Performance is hindered
due to the presence of
lactic acid
Once oxygen demands
are met, the body reaches
its steady state.
Aerobic glycolysis assists
in the removal of lactic
acid.
VCE Physical Education - Unit 3
Acute Responses
Oxygen Uptake, Oxygen Deficit and Oxygen Debt
Acute Responses
Acute responses occur to
supply extra oxygen and
nutrients to support ATP
production.
Acute responses include;
•Reduction in creatine
stores
•Accumulation of lactic
acid
•Increase in epinephrine
(Regulates BP and O2
consumption levels)
p.122
•Reduction in glycogen
stores
•Increase in muscle
temperature
•Increase in cardiac output
•Redistribution of blood to
working muscles.
Responses are dependent
on intensity, duration,
fitness levels and type of
activity used.
VCE Physical Education - Unit 3
Acute Responses
Acute responses to
exercise. Increase in;
•Oxygen intake
•Transport of oxygen
•Extraction of oxygen from
the blood
•Consumption of oxygen
by working muscles
•Continues until maximum
uptake is met (VO2 max)
http://www.bbc.co.uk/scien
ce/humanbody/body/
VCE Physical Education - Unit 3
Oxygen Debt
Oxygen Uptake, Oxygen Deficit and Oxygen Debt
Oxygen Debt
After exercise our demand
for ATP decreases but we
still need to ‘repay’ the
oxygen needed during
exercise.
This is why we puff after
intense activities.
The higher the intensity
and duration of activities,
the longer the oxygen
debt.
VCE Physical Education - Unit 3
EPOC
Another term used for oxygen
recovery is EPOC – excess
post-exercise oxygen
consumption.
Alactacid Debt – Oxygen used
to restore ATP and PC stores
Lactacid Debt - Oxygen used to
remove lactic acid from
cells/blood.
Additional oxygen is used to
recover the energy systems.
Data Analysis p.124-5
See Fig 5.9 p.126
VCE Physical Education - Unit 3
p.127
Web Links – Chapter 5
•Interactive body and mind tests from the BBC UK:
http://www.bbc.co.uk/science/humanbody
•Human anatomy: http://www.innerbody.com
•Information about the body and anatomy – Virtual Body:
http://www.ehc.com/vbody.asp
•Article – Oxygen Deficit: A Measure of Anaerobic Capacity:
http://www.faccioni.com/Reviews/oxygendeficit.htm
•Information on the transport of oxygen in the blood, from the Australasian Society
of Cardio-Vascular Perfusionists:
http://www.perfusion.com.au/CCP/Physiology/Oxygen and carbon dioxide
transport.htm
•Nicholas Institute of Sports Medicine and Athletic Trauma – A primer on maximum
oxygen consumption: http://www.nismat.org/physcor/max_o2.html
•Australian Sports Commission: http://www.ausport.gov.au
•Sports Coach UK: http://www.brianmac.demon.co.uk
•Australian Sports Commission: http://www.ausport.gov.au
•Find 30 promotion (Government of WA Department of Health): http://www.find30.com.au
•Walking School Bus promotion (UK): http://www.walkingbus.com
•Ministry of Health (New Zealand) toolkits: http://www.newhealth.govt.nz
•The 10,000 Steps Rockhampton project: http://www.10000steps.org.au/rockhampton/
•Travelsmart Australia: http://www.travelsmart.gov.au
•World Health Organisation: http://www.who.int
•Heart Foundation Australia: http://www.heartfoundation.com.au
•VicHealth (The Victorian Health Promotion Foundation): http://www.vichealth.vic.gov.au
•Be Active promotion (Government of South Australia): http://www.beactive.com.au
•Go For Your Life: http://www.goforyourlife.vic.gov.au
•Physical Activity Resources for Health Professionals – Introduction (Centre for disease control and prevention – USA):
http://www.cdc.gov/nccdphp/dnpa/physical/health_professionals/index.htm
•Health Promotion (Public Health Agency of Canada): http://www.phac-aspc.gc.ca/hp-ps/index.html
•Strategic Inter-Governmental Forum on Physical Activity and Health (SIGPAH): http://www.nphp.gov.au/workprog/sigpah/
•Healthy youth (Centre for disease control and prevention (USA): http://www.cdc.gov/HealthyYouth/
•America On The Move promotion: http://www.americaonthemove.org
•Papers from the International Journal of Behavioural Nutrition and Physical Activity: http://www.ijbnpa.org/home
•Department of health and aging (Australian government): http://www.health.gov.au/internet/wcms/publishing.nsf/content/home
•Building a healthy, active Australia (Australian government): http://www.healthyactive.gov.au
•National Public Health Partnership: http://www.nphp.gov.au
•Be Active promotion (Government of South Australia): http://www.beactive.com.au
•Sport and Recreation Australia: http://www.sport.vic.gov.au
VCE Physical Education - Unit 3