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Welcome! Please take out your composition books In Your Composition Book: 1. What are the three types of myths? 2. How did Zeus come to be king of Mount Olympias? 3. WHY do we study Greek myths? Greek Gods & Goddesses (A brief overview…) 7 Bellamy Social Studies • Chief god • Lord of sky • God of thunder & lightening • Married his sister Hera • Populated the heavens and the Earth • “promiscuous liaisons”. • Wife and sister of Zeus • Goddess of marriage, protector of childbirth & heroes • Portrayed as extremely jealous and vindictive • God of the sea, horses and earthquakes • Lives in a palace beneath the ocean • Carries a three-pronged trident • Gave people the horse • Married a sea nymph named Amphitrite • Like his brother, he fathered many children. • Very fond of his sister Demeter • Demeter means “Barleymother” • Another name for her is Ceres, from the word cereal • Goddess of the cornfield, mistress of planting and harvesting, lady of growing things • She had a son and a daughter. Her daughter’s name was Persephone. • Her daughter was kidnapped by Hades. (reasons for the seasons) • god of the underworld and the dead • god of wealth • Owned all of the precious metal on Earth • Wore a cape that made him invisible • Kidnapped his niece and made her his wife • Zeus’ third sister • goddess of hearth family and home • her only job was to keep the fire lit in the hearth on Mt. Olympus All of Zeus’ children • • • • • • • • Zeus had eight children on Olympus The twins: Apollo and Artimis Athena Hephaestus Hermes Ares Dionysus Aphrodite (not really Zeus child, but he took her in) • god of light, music and poetry • most beautiful god • also the god of medicine • taught people the art of healing • fine marksman • could predict the future • goddess of hunting, wild things, unmarried girls and the moon • She decided never to marry Once when she was bathing under the moonlight a human was watching her. She threw rain drops on him and changed him into a stag. Then she had him killed by his own dogs. • god of fire • The only ugly god, but he was peaceful, loving and popular. • He walks with a limp because Zeus threw over the palace walls one day when he took his mother’s side over Zeus’. • Made all the Olympians’ thrones, armor, furniture and weapons • Married Aphrodite • Goddess of love and beauty • Goddess of desire • Wherever she walked flowers sprang up beneath her feet • she appeared from the foam of the sea • Her son is Eros (Cupid) • Zeus’ graceful, happy son by the goddess, Maia • God of shepherds, merchants, travelers and thieves • Very mischievous and tricky • Stole Apollo’s cows the day he was born • Guided the newly dead to the underworld • Invented the alphabet, astronomy, scales, playing cards and card games • Zeus’ messenger • Wore winged sandals and a winged cap • Had a son named Pan. He was half goat. • Zeus’ favorite • goddess of wisdom, strategy, protector of cities and civilizations • goddess of handicrafts and art She sprang from her father’s head fully clothed and in armor. Hephaestus, Zeus’ son, had to release Athena by cutting his head open with an ax. • god of war • Boastful, cruel and had no manners • Son of Zeus and Hera • Loved to fight, but was a coward once he got hurt • Wherever he went there was violence and bloodshed • the curse of mortals • god of wine • Zeus’ youngest son • His mother, Semele, was a princess and a mortal woman • His mother was consumed by fire when she was tricked by Hera • He was saved by Hermes. • Taught people the art of wine making & the consequences of too much wine Characters of Greek Mythology Nymphs – beautiful maidens who guarded various parts of nature dryads – forests nereids- sea Fates- controlled destiny of every man Clotho- spun thread of youth Lachesis- directed your course Atropos- cut the thread Muses- goddesses of arts and sciences Terpsichore – choral song & dance Calliope- epic poetry Euterpe- lyric poetry Melpomone- tragic drama Erato- love poetry Urania- astronomy Polyhymnia- sacred poetry Clio- history Thalia- comic drama Festivals • Greeks held many religious festivals in honor of their gods • Their purpose was to please the gods and persuade them to grant the people’s wishes • Festivals were not just religious ceremonies – Athletic competitions or theatrical performances were also held • Festivals/events included specific things to please the particular god – Zeus’ symbols – thunderbolt, eagle and oak tree – Dionysus’ symbols – wine The period of the festival was a public holiday so that everyone could participate