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Brush Border Cells of the Small Intestine Research by: Dr. Kreiselman THIS CELL TYPE BELONGS TO The Digestive System THIS SYSTEM IS RESPONSIBLE FOR breaking down the large molecules in the food into their monomers. Liver Large Intestine Stomach Small Intestine Salivary Gland Rectum Anus Location of the digestive system in the body: Small Intestine Brush Border Cells = about 2 cells 20 micrometers Microscopic images of brush border cells within the epithelia of the small intestine: microvilli FUNCTION OF BRUSH BORDER CELLS IN THE SMALL INTESTINE WHAT DO THESE CELLS DO?? FUNCTION OF BRUSH BORDER CELLS: They do the last steps of digestion of carbohydrates. They are the ones that end up in contact with the blood that collects the digested food. Partially digested food molecules from stomach, intestine Diffusion into the blood stream FUNCTION OF BRUSH BORDER CELLS: 2 IF THE BRUSHBORDER CELL DOES NOT WORK PROPERLY, SUCH AS DUE TO BACTERIA INFECTIONS, There is no proper digestion of food, or the digested food does not get to the body. Also, inflammation is caused. IF THE BRUSHBORDER CELL lack microvilli, such as in inherited microvillous atrophy, It will cause the new-born baby to die. Interactions of Brush Border cells with other cells of the body: Brush Border cells are more active in digestion if they are exposed to insulin and other hormones that have to do with digestion and metabolism. The Structure of the Brush Border Cell supports its function: The microvilli give a huge surface area for efficient absorption of nutrients. Inside sma intestine Molecules in the Intestine Brush Border cell that are found in any cell: Phospholipids, Respiration proteins, ATP, More.. Molecules that are special to intestine brush border cells: Enzymes of digestion: Amylase Cellulase Invertase (Sucrase) Peptidase Malt Diastase (Maltase) Specific molecule, The enzyme amylase: Interesting facts about brush border cells: •Intestinal epithelium cells have one of the fastest rates of reproduction of any tissue in the body. •With microvilli, the absorption is 300 times, as compared to a regular, unfolded membrane. Question to the audience: 1) Why are brush border cells called this way? 2) What is the purpose of their brushlike structure? 3) What part of the intestine are the ‘brushes’ facing – in or out of the intestine? RESOURCES THAT I USED: For diseases and enzymes: http://bodyecology.com/articles/gut-permeability.php#.UYbqHUpnDFA For structure and function: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brush_border About microvilli: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microvillus#Relationship_to_cell Orders of Magnitude: 10 meters 10-1 10-4 10-5 10-7 10-8