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英 国 文 化
British Culture and Education
主讲教师：田祥斌
Lecture 12
American Culture and Education
--American Sports (Chapter 5)
--American Flags (Chapter 6)
--American Foreign Relations (Chapter 7)
--American Religion (Chapter 8)
I.
American Sports (Chapter 5)
American Sports

-- The people in USA are great lovers of
sports. They like to play football,
basketball, baseball, swim, fish, boxing,
golf, etc.
 -- Football: American football is a game
played by two teams of eleven players using
an oval ball. Players carry the ball in their
hands or throw it to each other as they try to
score goals that are called touchdowns. 橄榄
球（美式足球）
soccer, football, rugby

--Soccer是美式英语里的英
 式足球，也就是我们平时
 说的足球football;
 --Football是英式英语里的英式足球;在美
国football是指美式橄榄球，球员主要是
抱着球跑。
 -- Rugby 指所谓的橄榄球。但是没有美
式足球穿得那样夸张。
American Football
American Sports

Basketball: It is a very popular game in high
schools. In more than 20 states, statewide
high school tournaments （联赛）are held
yearly. The National Basketball Association
(NBA) is the American organization in
charge of the national tournaments all year
round. Many universities have their own
basketball team or baseball team
American Sports

Hunting: Americans are free to have guns
and this makes hunting a popular sport in
the USA. The gun clubs provide a
recreation pastime, target shooting.
American Sports

Swimming: Swimming is very popular in
USA and is a year-round sport in most areas
because they have swimming pools indoors
and outdoors.
American Sports
American Sports

2. American Flag
American Flags

American Flags (Chapter 6, p63)
 The Stars and Stripes”(The Flag of the
United States)
 --The Stars and Stripes is the national flag
of the USA. It consists of 50 white stars on
a blue canton, with a field of 13 alternate
stripes, 7 red and 6 white. The 50 stars stand
for the 50 states in the USA and the 13
stripes stand for the original 13 states.
红色象征勇气，白色象征真理，蓝色则象征正义
3.American
Foreign Relations
American Foreign Relations

(Chapter 7, P69-74)
 --After World War II, USA marks the
prominence of the foreign affairs and has
become the only superpower since the
disintegration 解体of the former Soviet
Union in 1991.
American Foreign Relations

--Out of the enormous wealth it obtained
from the war and the benefits from its
involvement in the world affairs, the USA
began its expansion and aggression in the
world. Now America has dominated world
affairs, but it started to decline in the Iraqi
War.
American Foreign Relations

Containment (牵制，围堵) of Communism
and World Police
 --The policy of containment of communism
has been the mainstream policy of US
administrations in foreign affairs. The
excessive fear of communist subversion was
fed by numerous sources, such as the
founding of the Peoples’ Republic of China
and the announcement of a Soviet atomic
explosion in 1949.
American Foreign Relations

-- The policy of containment of communism
led the USA into the war in Vietnam which
turned out to be the longest war in the
history of the USA. The US involved in
Korean War. The USA and Vietnam signed
a cease-fire agreement on January 27, 1973.
 -- Because of the defeat that it suffered in
China, in Korea and in Vietnam, the US
soon began to decline from the height of
power.
American Foreign Relations

The Relationship Between China and the
USA (74-82)
 --The relationship between China and
American is one of conflict, normalization
and competition.
 --In February 1972, Nixon came to visit
China and signed the first Sino-American
Joint Communique which agreed on the fact
that there was only one legal government in
China, that is, the P.R. China.
American Foreign Relations

--There are three Sino-American joint
Communiques signed by two countries
which define and determine the general
principles in the normalization of relations
between the two countries. They are the
basic principles in the establishment of the
relations between both counties.
American Foreign Relations

--The Chinese government and people
always abide by three joint communiques
 ( 联合声明) signed by both sides. With the
joint communiques and the associated
mutual benefits, the healthy relations
between the two great nations will continue,
instead of descending into confrontation.
4. American Religion
American Religion

American Religion (Chapter 8, pp. 85-90)
 --There are three great world religions:
Buddhism, Islam ['ɪz'lɑm] 回教；伊斯兰教,
and Christianity [,kristi'ænəti] 基督教

--The people in the USA are great lovers of
religion. Among more than three hundred million
people, there are over three thousand (3000)
religious denominations 教派and 60 per cent of
the American people have religious beliefs.. Over
three fifths of all American religious people are
Protestants. ['prɔtistənt] 新教徒
American Religion

--There are two major denominations in US:
Mormonism 摩门教and Christian Science.
 --There are three features of religion are
identified in the US: the variety of beliefs,
the emphasis on social problems and the
separation of church and state.
 --The variety of beliefs: people from
different nations bring different beliefs. In
America, there was no king and no special
rules set for religion.
American Religion

--The emphasis on social problems: They
emphasize on social problems and
humanitarian ideals rather than concern
with individual sin. People believe that
American religious thinking in general has
tended to turn more to improving the
present world by doing one’s duty and less
to winning salvation in the next world
through repentance 悔改.
American Religion

-- The separation of church and state: There
is no established state religion. They hope
to have no religious oppression because
some of them escaped from religious
persecution in their original countries.
 --The Constitution seems to imply that
public educational institutions should not
provide religious instruction as part of the
regular curriculum.
American Religion

Now the economic decline, constant
unemployment, and the disintegration分解
of families make people all more crazy for
religion in USA.
 Problems still exist in American religion.