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Notes Ch. 6 - The Rock Cycle & Rock Types – Sections 1-4 Three types of Rocks igneous, ____________________________, metamorphic can change ______________ through the Rock Cycle rock cycle: conditions under which any kind of rock can be changed into an other kind of rock. Much of the rock of the ____________________________ has gone through the rock cycle ____________________________ times. Rock Properties (chemical composition and physical properties) Such as _____________________, density, and hardness how stable is the rock against __________________, temperature and pressure. how does it _____________________ apart depends on ____________________ and how the rock formed. Sedimentary rocks - formed on Earth's surface, due to ____________________________ and deposition. ____________________________ - formed on surface or in crust from magma or lava cooling Metamorphic rocks - formed in the crust due to ____________________________ movement Igneous Rock “from _______________” forms when _________________ (melted rock) cools and hardens composition limited to the __________________ elements of Earth’s crust:_______________ Intrusive vs. Extrusive Intrusive ___________________ cools deep inside Extrusive crust volcanic eruptions expose magma to Earth’s intrudes, or enters, ____________________ surface where it cools and hardens to cool and harden ex. granite magma ____________________ to Earth’s surface is called lava ex. _______________ Sedimentary Rock sediment – rocks, mineral crystals, or ___________________that has been broken into fragments ___________________ (erosion) transport deposition lithification (turned to rock through compaction and cementation) compaction = to compress or ___________________ (take up less space) cementation = ___________________ from water glue sediment together gives us ___________________ about Earth’s past ___________________ valuable resources (ex. water and oil) Clastic vs. Nonclastic Clastic formed by ___________________ processes Nonclastic that broke rock into ___________________, formed by non-weathering processes sand, or clay classified by mineral ___________________ transported by water, wind, or ice chemical classified based on ___________________of forms from minerals dissolved in water sediment evaporation causes minerals to ex. ___________________and shale precipitate, or fall out, from water organic forms from the remains of ___________________ ex. limestone, rock salt, coal Sedimentary Rock Features give geologists clues about what was happening on Earth when a layer of sediment was deposited stratification – layering of ___________________ ripple marks – caused by wind or water on sand sediment once part of ___________________or riverbed mud cracks – muddy ___________________ dry and shrink change in ___________________, change in sea level river’s flood plain or dry lake bed ___________________ – remains or traces of ancient plant and animals Metamorphic Rock “to ___________________ form” high temp. and ___________________ deep inside Earth can cause minerals in rocks to become unstable and rearrange into layers (foliation) or form larger ___________________ NO ___________________OCCURS!!!!! melting rock produces magma (igneous rock) helps geologists study temp. and pressure conditions, __________________________movements, composition of ___________________ rock and the geologic history when rock metamorphosed Where does Metamorphic Rock Form? 1. Forms in small areas affected by the heat from nearby magma 2. Forms over ______________________ of square miles during periods of high tectonic activity. movement of 1 tectonic plate against another generates great _______________ and pressure at the boundaries of the tectonic plates h heat and pressure --> changes existing rocks structure / form = metamorphosis of the rock Foliated vs. Nonfoliated Foliated ___________________ dark and light layers Nonfoliated due to extreme pressure formed by high __________________, but low pressure equal on all sides ex. slate no __________________ ex. marble Metamorphic Rock Break Up • Happens after being __________________ to the surface • Due to conditions under which it was formed · Rock may have zones of _____________________ that form when it is under intense pressure. • When rock is uplifted to the Earth's surface and no longer has high _______________ holding it together it may break apart along those ____________________of weakness. Foliated (layered) metamorphic rock -- breaks apart at the different layers Rock Cycle Rock Cycle any of the 3 rocks types can be __________________into another rock type possible changes and outcomes weathering, _________________, and lithification sedimentary changes in pressure or temp. __________________ _______________ and cooling igneous