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Chapter 6 The Correctional Client Clear & Cole, American Corrections, 6th types of offenders long-term elderly situational AIDS career special correctional populations mentally handicapped sex substance abuser mentally ill Clear & Cole, American Corrections, 6th “situational offender” definition a person who in a particular set of circumstances has violated the law, but who is not given to criminal behavior in normal circumstances and is unlikely to repeat the offense Clear & Cole, American Corrections, 6th “career criminal” definition a person who sees crime as a way of earning a living, who has numerous contacts with the criminal justice system over time, and who may view the criminal sanction as a normal part of life Clear & Cole, American Corrections, 6th “sex offender” definition a person who has committed a sexual act prohibited by law, such as rape, child molestation, or prostitution, for economic, psychological, and even situational reasons Clear & Cole, American Corrections, 6th “substance abuser - drugs” definition a person whose use of illegal chemical substances disrupts normal living patterns to the extent that social problems develop, often leading to criminal behavior Clear & Cole, American Corrections, 6th drugs and crime % of convicted jail inmates (for selected offenses) who committed their offense to support a drug habit % of total inmates 35% 32% 31% 30% 24% 25% 19% 20% 15% 13% 14% 12% 10% 5% 0% total offenses total violent robbery total property burglary total drugs trafficking Clear & Cole, American Corrections, 6th “substance abuser - alcohol” definition a person whose use of alcohol is difficult to control, disrupting normal living patterns and frequently leading to violations of the law while the person in under the influence of alcohol or attempting to secure it Clear & Cole, American Corrections, 6th “mentally ill offender” definition a “disturbed” person whose criminal behavior may be traced to diminished or otherwise abnormal capacity to think or reason as a result of psychological or neurological disturbance Clear & Cole, American Corrections, 6th “deinstitutionalization” definition the massive release of mental patients from mental hospitals and their return to the community Clear & Cole, American Corrections, 6th “mentally handicapped offender” definition a person whose limited mental development prevents their adjustment to the rules of society Clear & Cole, American Corrections, 6th “AIDS offenders” definition persons who in the course of their lives inside or outside of prison have contracted the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and/or developed its full-blown symptomatic stage -- acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) issues prevention housing medical care Clear & Cole, American Corrections, 6th “elderly offender” definition older offenders are becoming an increasingly significant part of the correctional population WHY? citizenry are getting older sentences are getting longer ISSUES: health (cost = $69,000/yr. for inmate > 60) “institutionalization” is dramatic for elderly elderly pose a less serious risk upon release; so they are often released early Clear & Cole, American Corrections, 6th “long term offender” definition increasingly, offenders are doing longer terms, creating same problems as those related to “elderly offenders” 1st-time offenders do an average of 22 mo. 11 - 15% will serve > 7 yr. 24% will serve > 25 yr. 9% will serve life ISSUES: elderly problems create meaningful living maintain contact with outside world Clear & Cole, American Corrections, 6th “classification systems” definition specific sets of objective criteria-such as offense history, previous experience in the justice system, & substance abuse patterns--are applied to all inmates to determine appropriate institutional housing and treatment programs Clear & Cole, American Corrections, 6th Correctional classification classification criteria commitment offense social & political pressures! program & treatment needs risk of future crime Clear & Cole, American Corrections, 6th debate over classification criteria program treatment needs how to help the offender vs. institutional control needs how to manage the institution Clear & Cole, American Corrections, 6th
