Download Neuroscience-2 Vitamin B2

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RIBOFLAVIN
B2
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Major source of Energy in
Living organisms



Living organisms including humans
derive most of their energy from
oxidation-reduction reactions.
These are processes which involve the
transfer of electrons.
Flavin coenzymes participate in redox
reactions in numerous metabolic
pathways .
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Major source of Energy in
Living organisms


Flavins are critical for the metabolism of
carbohydrates, fats, and proteins.
Flavins help in releasing energy from
carbohydrates.

FAD is part of the electron transport
(respiratory) chain, which is central to
energy production.
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OTHER FUNCTIONS
B-2 is important for body growth and RBCs
production
 In treating anemia, adding Vitamin B-2 to
iron supplements, increase its
effectiveness.
 Flavins also participate in the metabolism
of some vitamins , minerals, drugs and
toxins

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OTHER FUNCTIONS

Riboflavin also helps to shore up the
immune system by reinforcing antibody
reserves, the body's first line of defense
against infection.
 In addition, the body uses extra riboflavin
to keep tissue in good repair and speed
healing of wounds, burns and other
injuries.
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PROTECTION OF NERVOUS
SYSTEM
Along with vitamins B-1, B-3 and B-6, riboflavin
has a role in treating nervous system conditions
such as:

Numbness and tingling

Alzheimer's disease

Epilepsy

Multiple sclerosis and

Even anxiety, stress and fatigue.
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Added Benefits of B-2

Carpal tunnel syndrome patients may benefit when
B-2 and B-6 combination therapy is given.

Epithelial and mucosal tissues require riboflavin
for their maintenance .

B-2 is also involved in oxidative degradation of
short chain fatty acids.

It also has a role in transfer of oxygen from
plasma to tissues.
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Added Benefits of B-2

Riboflavin is helpful for maintaining the skin, nails,
eyes, mouths, lips and tongue.

It is required for normal vision and prevention of
cataracts.

Riboflavin is also thought to decrease the duration
and frequency of migraine headaches in some
people, When used with beta blockers
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Uses in clinical and therapeutic situations.
Phototherapy:

The light used to irradiate the infant, breaks down
not only the toxin causing the jaundice, but also
the naturally occurring riboflavin within the
infant's blood.

For over 30 years, riboflavin supplements have
been used as part of the phototherapy treatment
of neonatal jaundice.
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SAFE BLOOD TRANSFUSION
Development is underway to use
riboflavin to improve the safety of
transfused blood by reducing
pathogens found in collected blood.
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Mechanism

Riboflavin attaches itself to the nucleic acids (DNA and
RNA) in cells, and when light is applied, the nucleic
acids are broken, effectively killing those cells.

The technology has been shown to be effective for
inactivating pathogens in all three major blood
components: (platelets, red blood cells, and plasma).

It has been shown to inactivate a broad spectrum of
pathogens, including known and emerging viruses,
bacteria, and parasites.
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Riboflavin deficiency
Deficiency can result in:

Skin lesions

Light sensitivity

Eye disorders

Inflamed mouth or tongue, and

Cracks and sores at the mouth's corner.
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Low levels of B-2

Arthritis

Colon cancer

Heart disease

Carpal tunnel syndrome

Multiple sclerosis

Anxiety, stress and fatigue
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Arthritis
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Carpal Tunnel Syndrome
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Multiple sclerosis
Peshawar Medical College
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Glossitis
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Why Called Riboflavin ?
It is named riboflavin because of its
structural similarity to Ribose (Sugar)
and its relationship to the flavins.
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Chemical structure of Riboflavin
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Flavin Adenine Dinucleotide
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Food Sources

The richest sources of riboflavin include
organ meats such as liver, kidney and
heart.
 Milk, yeast, cheese, fish, eggs and dark
green leafy vegetables are also rich
sources.
 Flour and cereals are enriched with
riboflavin.
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Absorption and Metabolism
Riboflavin is rapidly absorbed form
upper part of small intestine and then
phosphorylated in intestinal wall to its
active form.
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Distribution and excretion

Riboflavin is found in all cells of the body
but maximum concentration is found in
liver and kidneys.

With an increase in intake above needs,
vitamin is excreted by kidneys.
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Recommended Dietary Allowances (RDA)

Daily intake of 0.6 mg per 1000 calories for
persons of all ages is recommended
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RECOMMNED DAILY INTAKE
Age
Males mg/day
Females mg/day
0—12 months
0.3-0.4
0.3-0.4
Children
1-3
0.5
0.5
Children
4-8
0.6
0.6
Children
9-13
0.9
0.9
Adolescents
14-18
1.3
1.0
19+
1.3
1.1
Life stage
Infants
Adults
Pregnancy
All ages
1.4
Lactation
All ages
1.6
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Response to Physical state

Riboflavin is Heat stable but light
sensitive.

It is easily destroyed by light, and
foods stored in clear containers will
lose their riboflavin content in a short
period of time.

It can leach into cooking water
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Deficiency of vitamin B2
Deficiency of riboflavin is one of the most
common deficiency disease
 A shortage of this vitamin may manifest
itself as cracks and sores at the corners of
the mouth, eye disorders, inflammation of
the mouth/ tongue, and skin lesions.

Dermatitis, dizziness, hair loss, insomnia,
light sensitivity, poor digestion, retarded
growth, and slow mental responses have
also been reported.
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Riboflavin deficiency

Burning feet can also be indicative of
a shortage.
May also result in dull hair, an oily skin,
premature wrinkles on the face and
arms, and split nails.
 Riboflavin deficiency also leads to the
malfunctioning of the adrenal glands

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THOSE WHO ARE AT RISK OF DEVELOPING
RIBOFLAVIN DEFICIENCY.
Riboflavin deficiency occurs in
patient of chronic liver diseases, and
those who receive total parenteral
nutrition (TPN) with inadequate
riboflavin.
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Conditions that may increase the need
for riboflavin.

Alcoholism

Infection

Intestinal diseases

Liver disease

Burns

Cancer

Overactive thyroid

Diarrhea (continuing)

Serious injury

Fever (continuing)

Stress (continuing)

Surgical removal of
stomach

Illness (continuing)
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Toxic effects

There is no known toxicity to
riboflavin.

As riboflavin is water soluble, excess
if taken, is excreted in the urine.
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Toxic effects
Possible reactions to very high
doses may include itching,
numbness, burning or prickling
sensations, and sensitivity to light.
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Educate your patients that
 Excess
riboflavin will be excreted in
urine.
will impart bright yellow
color, to urine. which many
people notice when they take
vitamin supplement containing B-2.
 It
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