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The Heart Overview • 4 chambered pump – separated by a muscular wall called the septum • Two upper atria • Two lower ventricles • Major portion is the myocardiumcardiac muscle – Inner surfaces lined with endocardium – Outer surfaces lined with pericardium • Overview cont’d • Controlled by our autonomic nervous system – We don’t have control over this… even if we think we do! – Breathing, blinking, etc… Structure • Atria – Singular: atrium – Thin walled – Top portion of heart • left and right atria • Ventricles – Thick muscular walls – Bottom portion of heart Structure cont’d • Atrioventricular valves – Lie between the atrium and ventricle on each side – Mitral valve-between the left atrium and left ventricle – Tricuspid valve- between the right atrium and right ventricle Structure cont’d • Semilunar valves • Between the ventricle and great vessel on each side • Aortic valve-between the left ventricle and aorta • Pulmonary valve-between the right ventricle and the pulmonary artery – Valves control the flow of blood through the heart Two Systems • Pulmonary Circulatory System – Carries deoxygenated blood to the lungs – Brings oxygenated blood back to the heart • Systemic Circulatory System – Carries oxygenated blood to the body – Brings deoxygenated blood back to the heart. Two System cont’d • The heart is effectively 2 pumps • Right side pulmonary pump • Left side systemic pump – deoxygenated and oxygenated blood never mix – Left ventricle pumps blood under higher pressure • Left ventricular wall is more muscular External heart anatomy • Fig 12.3 Internal view of the heart • Fig 12.4 12-10 Path of Bloodflow • Deoxygenated blood from the body enters the right atrium via the vena cava. – Superior Vena Cava • blood from the head and neck – Inferior Vena Cava • blood from the lower body • When full, the tricuspid valve opens for a short time and then shuts. – Blood flows to the right ventricle Path of Bloodflow cont’d • Right Ventricle fills with blood – When filled, it contracts. • The pulmonary valve opens and closes quickly. • Blood travels through the pulmonary arteries to your lungs to pick up oxygen. Path of Bloodflow cont’d • Oxygen-rich blood returns from the lungs to your left atrium through the pulmonary veins. • As your heart's left atrium fills with blood, it contracts. • The mitral valve opens and closes quickly. Path of Bloodflow cont’d • As the left ventricle fills with blood, it contracts. • The aortic valve opens and closes quickly allowing blood to flow into the aorta. – carries blood from your heart to the rest of your body.