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Nonvascular Plants
Nonvascular Plants
 Most primitive type of plants
 3 phyla
 Together referred to as bryophytes
 Seedless – produce spores
 Since they don’t have vascular tissue – they
don’t grow to be very tall
 Water is necessary for their sexual reproduction
 The sperm have to be able to swim to the egg
Phylum Bryophyta
 “The Mosses”
 What we typically think of is the gametophyte
 Held to the ground by rhizoids
 Function like roots even though they aren’t vascular
 Gametophytes can be male, female or both
 Moss sporophytes are
here (see picture)
Phylum Bryophyta
 “Pioneer Plants” – create a layer of soil for other plants
to grow (Sound familiar?)
 Help prevent soil erosion – cover soil surface to absorb
water
 Example: Peat Moss –
genus Sphagnum
Phylum
Hepatophyta
 The Liverworts
 All grow close to the ground
 Allows them to absorb water readily
 Gametophyte is covered by an
umbrella shaped structure in
some species
 Leafy liverwort: Leaf like
structures growing on a stem
 Thalloid liverwort: Flat thin lobes
Phylum Anthocerophyta
 The Hornworts
 Long horn like
sporophytes that grow
out from the top of the
plant
 Anchored to the
ground by rhizoids
 Similar to algae: have a
single large
chloroplast rather
then many
Phylum Anthocerophyta
 Hornworts are the
closest to vascular
plants
 The Sporophytes show
evidence of evolution
 Carry out
photosynthesis
 Have a cuticle and
stomata
 Tubelike cells at the
center resemble
vascular tissue