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General
Knowledge
Stomach
Juices
Stomach
Anatomy
Clinical
Challenge
Application
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Question 1 - 10
• What is the main function of the stomach?
There is only one main function so you’ll need
to be specific.
Answer 1 – 10
• Digestion of proteins and only proteins.
• Carbs and fats will be digested in the small
intestine. Remember, carb digestion started in
the mouth with amylase enzyme.
General Knowledge- 20
• Name the chewed, partially digested food that
enters the stomach.
Answer 1 – 20
• bolus
Question 1 - 30
• (1) Describe and (2) name the digested food
leaves the stomach to enter the small
intestine.
Answer 1 – 30
• Chyme
• It is the consistency of toothpaste.
Question 1 - 40
• Name the wave like motion that propels food
down the stomach and into the small
intestine.
Answer 1 – 40
• Peristalsis
(Remember, you saw video clips of the
esophagus experiencing peristalsis as food was
swallowed.)
Question 1 - 50
Answer 1 – 50
Stomach Juices- 10
• What are enzymes and what do they do?
Answer 10
• Chemicals that speed up chemical reactions by
lowering how much energy is needed to get
the reaction to start.
• Or: Proteins that help break down large
molecules into smaller ones.
• (Side note – enzymes can join small molecules
together to build larger ones.)
Question 2 - 20
• Name the enzyme that will break down
proteins in the stomach.
Answer 2 – 20
• Pepsin
Question 2 - 30
• What is pepsinogen and what is it’s
connection to pepsin?
Answer 2 – 30
• Pepsinogen is the inactive form of pepsin
Question 2 - 40
We know pepsinogen is produced by the
stomach. Tell three other specific things about
pepsinogen.
Answer 2 – 40
•
•
•
•
It needs acid to be activated.
It’s produced by chief cells.
It won’t digest proteins.
It’s released as an inactive form so it doesn’t
digest the stomach.
• It’s released from glastric glands that line the
stomach
Question 2 - 50
Besides pepsinogen, name three other things
the stomach releases, what releases them AND
the purpose of each of those secretions.
Answer 2 – 50
• Acid – released by parietal cells, the acid will
activate pepsinogen into pepsin
• Mucus – released by mucus cells, the mucus
protects the stomach from acids
• Intrinsic factor – helps the body absorb
vitamin B which is used in many, many
chemical reactions
Stomach Anatomy - 10
• Name the three layers of the stomach muscle
and tell the directions in which they contract.
Answer 3 – 10
• Longitudinal – run vertically up and down
• Circular – run left to right
• Oblique – run at an angle to the other two
layers
Question 3 - 20
• If the stomach wasn’t closed off at the top and
the bottom while it churned, the food would
go everywhere. Name the structures that
close off the stomach at the top and the
bottom.
Answer 3 – 20
• The top is closed off by the esophageal
sphincter.
• The bottom is closed off by the pyloric
sphincter.
Question 3 - 30
• Name the general regions of the stomach and
describe their location
Answer 3 – 30
• Cardia – where the esophagus enters the
stomach
• Fundus – the top curve of the stomach, extra
space for mixing
• Body – main portion of the stomach
• Pyloris – lower region where stomach meets
up with small intestine.
Question 3 - 40
• Tell what a gastric glands are and what they
contain.
Answer 3 – 40
• Gastric glands are little dead end tunnels in
the mucosa (stomach lining).
• They contain chief cells, parietal cells and
mucus cells that produce pepsinogen, acid
and mucus.
Question 3 - 50
• In class you used playdough to build the three
dimensional structure of the stomach wall.
You started with the gastric pit. Describe the
three layers and where they’re found.
Answer 3 – 50
• Mucosa – the inner lining of the stomach
which contains the gastric pits and gastric
glands.
• Submucosa is the connective tissue under the
mucosa that holds the blood vessels and
nerves needed to feed and control the mucosa
• Muscular layer – under the submucosa,
needed to squeeze in all directions to churn
food
Question 4 - 10
• What is gastroparesis and what can symptoms
might a patient present with if they have it.
Answer 4 – 10
• Gastroparesis is stomach paralysis that causes
the stomach not to churn and the partly
digested food to empty very slowly into the
small intestine.
• Symptoms include nausea, weight loss, loss of
apetite
Question 4 - 20
• What disorder can arise if the mucus lining of
the stomach get thin.
Answer 4 – 20
• Stomach ulcers from acid.
Question 4 - 30
• What very common symptom can happen
when the esophageal sphincter doesn’t close
completely as it should?
Answer 4 – 30
• heartburn
Question 4 - 40
• In one disorder the rugae are over developed
and look twisted and distorted. Name this
disorder.
Answer 4 – 40
• Mentrier’s Disease
Question 4 - 50
• What is a gastrectomy and what do the root
words in gastrectomy (gastro and tom) tell
you?
Answer 4 – 50
• A gastrectomy is a partial or total removal of
the stomach
• Gastro means stomach and tom means cut
(Remember ana-tom-y means “cut up”)
Question 5 - 10
• If a patient had parietal cells that were too
active or more active than usual, what
disorder might occur and why?
Answer 5 – 10
• Stomach ulcers because parietal cells make
acid. Too much acid can cause stomach
ulcers.
Question 5 - 20
• Suppose a genetic disorder causes a person to
be born with too
Answer 5 – 20
Question 5 - 30
• This is a three part question.
What is the difference between secretion and
excretion, which one is happening in the
stomach and where?
Answer 5 – 30
• Excretion = getting rid of wastes
secretion = the purposeful release of materials
• Secretion is happening in the stomach (not
exretion)
• The gastric glands (those dead end tunnels in
the stomach mucosa) secrete enzymes, acid,
mucus and intrinsic factor.
Question 5 - 40
• You just told your patient they need a
gastrectomy (stomach removal). They’re
going to have many questions. Explain to
them how they can survive without a
stomach. What changes will they have to
make?
Answer 5 – 40
• Protein shakes where the protein is already
broken down to amino acids. (You’ll learn later
that the small intestine can break down some
proteins as well.
• Intrinsic factor will need to be taken so the
body can absorb B vitamins.
Question 5 - 50
• Explain why the stomach is an organ. What
does it take to be an organ? Then explain
exactly how the anatomy of the stomach
makes it an organ.
Answer 5 – 50
• Organs are made up of four different tissues.
• The mucosa is epithelium or covering.
• The submucosa is connective tissue with
blood vessels and nerves
• The fourth tissue would be muscle found in
the three muscle layers