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CHAPTER 18
World War I and the Russian
Revolution
Section 3: The Russian Revolution
Objectives:
Describe Russia’s internal problems during WWI
and explain how they led to the
Russian Revolution.
Describe how Lenin came to power in Russia.
Specify steps taken by the Communists to cement
their control of the Russian
government.
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Ch 18.3 Bell Ringer:
What events or circumstances led to
the Russian Revolution and the
creation of the Communist Party?
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…covered one-sixth of the land surface of the globe, and was populated
by almost 150 million people of more than a hundred different
nationalities.
Political Cartoon
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Weaknesses of Russia
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Insufficient food
Appropriate armaments; poorly equipped
Inadequate roads
Poorly led military
Corrupt, inefficient government
No faith in government or czar
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Why was this time different?
• Army sided with the demonstrators.
• The Duma refused to disband.
• Mar 1917 – Czar Nicholas abdicates – He
and his family were soon imprisoned.
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6th June 1906: In a cartoon
called 'Peril!' in Punch,
Liberty says to the Tsar, 'Give
him his head, it's your only
chance, and mine!'
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With the overthrow of the czar, a
temporary gov’t was set up until
a constitutional assembly could be
elected.
While the new rules were trying to
restore order, another group worked
for more radical change.
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…organized when unrest
began in Russia
Soviet = council
The leaders were
socialists.
Petrograd Soviet of Workers' and Soldiers' Deputies
Radical members called
for immediate peace &
land reforms.
The provisional gov’t
opposed both.
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Two factions
fought for
control of the
soviets.
Mensheviks
Bolsheviks
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• Vladimir Lenin –
revolutionary socialist
• Their slogan was
“Peace, Bread, and
Land”
• His version of
Marxism formed the
basis of communism.
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7 Nov 1917 – the October
Revolution
The Bolsheviks overthrew
the Constitutional Assembly
because they did NOT have
a majority in it.
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Peace and Civil War
• Treaty of Brest-Litovsk
• Communists faced great
opposition – civil war breaks out
early 1918 and lasts three years
• Red Army vs Whites
• The Allies helped the Whites for
two reasons.
• Renamed Russia …. The Union
of Soviet Socialist Republics or
the U.S.S.R. (Soviet Union)
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