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Download PowerPoint Presentation - Ch. 10 Molecular Biology of the Gene
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Ch. 10 Molecular Biology of the Gene 10.17 – 10.22 • What are two ways in which bacteriophage can reproduce? • Lytic cycle: Lysis or breaking open of the cell • Lysogenic cycle: inserts its DNA into a chromosome of the host cell, which will replicate both the virus and its own DNA. • An influenza virus, aka: “the flu” has RNA rather than DNA. • What is the purpose of RNA? • Serves as template for making more viral-genome RNA & mRNA for synthesis of new viral-proteins • What is the purpose of the glycoprotein spikes? • Helps virus enter and leave cells • Other RNA viruses include the common cold, measles & mumps. • DNA viruses include hepatitis, chicken pox & herpes. • How does a virus reproduce without having DNA polymerase or ligase? • Virus uses that infected cells organelles to reproduce (HIJACK) • RNA is replicated inside the host cell by special enzymes encoded by the virus. • Viral RNA serves as mRNA for synthesis of viral proteins. • In what ways do Viruses enter humans? • Lesions or bodily fluids, insects, contaminated foods & surfaces • How do they get into plant cells? • Lesions caused by injury • Transfered from insects feeding on them • Contaminated farming or gardening tools • Mutations of existing viruses is a major source of new viral diseases. Why is this dangerous? • Cause disease in people with immunity to the old virus. • Come from animals (Give example…chirp chirp) • Start isolated and spread suddenly (AIDS) • HIV has some special twists to it such as? • Membrane envelope like mumps to leave the cell (disguised) • 2 strands of RNA • HIV is a retrovirus…what is that? • Retrovirus – reverse transcription because of reverse transcriptase (RNA to DNA) • How can a retrovirus make DNA from RNA? • Uses RNA as template to synthesize DNA from its RNA genome, sends DNA into cell nucleus • What’s a provirus? • Foreign DNA inserted into your DNA… • Can be transcribed, translated to viral proteins. New viruses are made & leave cell to infect and reproduce in other cells. • What do you think are all the blue dots on the red blob? • HIV attacking the white blood cells killing them, and weakening your immune system.
