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ECOLOGY The Standart of Competency: Identifying Relations Among Components in Ecology The Basic Competency: Identifying Interactions Among Components in Ecology SMK N 1 JEPARA Adaptif ECOLOGY Ecology is a science of studying interactions both living creatures and between living creatures with surroundings. The interaction of inter components in ecosystem happen for need fulfillments. E.g. The need fulfillment of energy, food, oxygen, carbon dioxide, water, and mineral. Ecology Adaptif Ecology Adaptif The Interaction of Inter Components in Ecosystem : 1. Food Chain 2. Energy Flows 3. Food Webs 4. Ecology Pyramid Ecology Adaptif 1. FOOD CHAIN The movement of food energy from plants resources through process of eating and being eaten. (Food Chain) Example : Ecology Adaptif 2. ENERGY FLOWS The process of flowing energy started from sunray to producers, consumers, then spreads out to environments in the form of heat. Ecology Adaptif 3. FOOD WEBS DECOMPOSER Ecology Adaptif 4. ECOLOGY PYRAMID Producers usually place in first level have the biggest number compared with consumers. Three kind of food pyramid : a. Numerical Pyramid b. Biomass Pyramid c. Energy Pyramid Ecology Adaptif a. NUMERICAL PYRAMID 30 Kons 2 If counted, it is based on the number of organism in each tropical level 30.000 Konsumen l 300.000 produsen Ecology Adaptif b. BIOMASS PYRAMID It is based on the total mass of Biotic Components in certain areas and at certain time. 40 g/m2 400 g/m2 4.000 g/m2 Ecology Adaptif c. ENERGY PYRAMID It is able to give accurate description about the energy flow in ecosystem. Each tropic level occurs the decrease of energy 10 kkal 1.000 kkal 3.000 kkal Ecology Adaptif ECOSYSTEM TYPES 1. Land Ecosystem a. taiga bioma b. tundra bioma c. desert bioma d. savanna bioma e. sub tropical fall forest bioma f. tropical rain forest bioma Ecology Adaptif a. BIOMA TAIGA Situated in northern of the earth and mountains of tropical area. It consist of one species, like conifer, pine and so on. The animals in the Taiga Bioma are mouse, black bears, and birds. Ecology Adaptif b. TUNDRA BIOMA Situated in northern of the earth and high mountain. It is dominated by spagnum, lichenes short wooded plants and grasses. Animals living in the bioma tundra have thick fur like muscox, pole deers, pole bears and insects. Ecology Adaptif c. DESERT BIOMA The rain fall is less than 30 cm/year. The temperature at noon is very high but very low at night. Grows yearly plants such as cactus, unleaved plants, have long root and tissues for storing water. Animals living in the desert are lizards, frogs, snakes, scorpions, and rodentia. Ecology Adaptif d. SAVANNA BIOMA Spread out from tropical areas to sub tropical areas with 25-30 cm/year rainfall. The rainfall irregularly, high absorption, fast water drainage. Animal living in this area are bison, zebra, lions, wild dogs, wolves, giraffes, mouse, snakes. Plant growing in this area are herbs and grass. Ecology Adaptif e. FALL FOREST BIOMA Fall Forest Bioma Situated in areas with temperate zone Few trees grow in this area and are not dense. The rainfall spread evenly all year along and the area has 3 seasons (summer, fall, winter, and autumn). Animal living in this area are: birds, woodpeckers, squirrels, fox, bears. Ecology Adaptif f. TROPICAL RAIN FOREST Situated in tropical and sub tropical areas with 200-225 cm/year rainfall. Many species of trees grow and have dense leaves forming canopy. The trees are 20-40m high. The animals living in this area are apes, owls, pig, tigers & rhinoceros. Ecology Adaptif 2. Water Ecosystem a. Sea water ecosystem b. Coastal ecosystem c. Estuari d. Coral reef e. Fresh water ecosystem Ecology Adaptif THE APPLICATION CONCEPT AMONG ECOLOGY COMPONENTS To enhance production capacity. Agricultural activities, the growth of plant from culture medium phase up to production, involve biotic and abiotic environments. Abiotic threats threaten the development of agriculture in tropical area. Some treats are dryness, puddle, salinity/ alkalinity, acid sulfate soil, lack of element P and Zn, and poisoned with Al and Fe. Ecology Adaptif REFERENCE Zuliyanti, Amelia S, 2008, Biologi Pertanian 3, Direktorat Pembinaan Sekolah Menengah Kejuruan, Jakarta. Setyowati, Nanis,Dra,M.Si, 2008, Biologi SMK/MAK XII, Arya Duta, Jakarta. Ecology Adaptif Ecology Adaptif COMPILED BY: Ecology Adaptif
