Download Phrase notes

DON’T PHRASE
ME, BRO!
When you have words, but not full
thoughts
PHRASE
• A group of related words used as a
single part of speech and does not
contain both a predicate and its
subject
PREPOSITIONAL
• Begins with a preposition, ends with
a noun/pronoun (object)
1. Adjective
• Immediately follows the noun
The horse in the trailer with the rusted latch
broke loose.
The man in the yellow hat drove the blue car
with the purple seats.
PREPOSITIONAL
2. Adverb
•
•
Tells when, where, how, why, to what extent
May appear anywhere in the sentence
•
During January break, my sister works at a
diner for book money.
We’ve been waiting since yesterday for a ride.
•
VERBALS
They look like verbs but act like other parts of speech
ARTICIPLES
NFINITIVES
ERUNDS
Participle – looks like a verb,
acts as an adjective
• Modifies nouns/pronouns
• Can be removed without changing the
meaning of the sentence
1. Present participles end in –ing
2. Past participles end in –d, -ed, or are
irregularly formed.
• Wearing purple boxer shorts, the
flying squirrel attacked the
dancing moose.
• Driving down the road, I saw an
unidentified flying object.
Gerund – looks like a verb, acts
as a noun
• Functions as a subject, direct object,
predicate nominative, or object of a
preposition
• Can be replaced with it, that, or what and
still make sense
• Always ends in –ing
• Running is good exercise.
• I love listening to the rain.
• My brain hurts from memorizing.
FINDING PARTICIPLES AND
GERUNDS
1. Find the real verb
•
Picture the action in the sentence.
2. What else looks like a verb?
•
These are your gerunds and participles.
3. Does it describe a noun? Can it be removed
completely without changing the meaning?
•
It’s a participle.
4. Is it a noun? Is it a subject, direct object,
predicate nominative, or object of a
preposition? Can you replace it with it, this, that,
or what and still have the sentence make sense?
•
It’s a gerund.
Infinitive – to + a verb
• Functions as a noun, adjective, or adverb
• I plan to go to the store to buy books.
Appositive – a noun/pronoun that
identifies or explains another
noun/pronoun
• Placed beside the noun/pronoun it describes
• Usually set off by commas
• Eric, a talented musician, plans to study in
Europe
• My neighbor, Dr. Jackson, got her degree in
entomology, the scientific study of insects