Download WHAP-End of WWII

June 6, 1944
Up
to this point
where had the Axis
& Allied powers
been fighting?
 Churchill
thought that the next move should be
to invade Italy
• Allies move from Africa up to Italy
 Attack Sicily
 Mussolini
surprised by the Italian army’s
collapse
 Italian government forced Mussolini to
resign
 King stripped Mussolini of his power
and arrested him
 Hitler moved in to fight in Italy
• Why?
 While
Allied forces were battling in Italy,
the plan for D-Day was in the works.
 The
plan was to invade France and free
Western Europe from Nazi rule.
 Commanding
fell on U.S. General
Dwight D. Eisenhower.
3
million British, American & Canadian
troops
 Plan to attack Normandy in Northern
France
• Allies sent messages which were intercepted by
German forces saying that the attack would be at
Calais.
 Originally
set for June 5
• Bad weather delayed the operation
 After
midnight- 3 divisions parachuted down
behind German lines
• Used toy cricket to click to let Allies know where
at
 Why?
 Early
morning- thousands of soldiers came in
by sea.
 Largest land-sea-air operation in history.
• Sergeant Willie Jackson
 German
retaliation brutal
 Heavy casualties
 Within 1 week- Allies held 80 mile strip of
France
 Within 1 month- Allies produce massive air
and land attacks to break up German forces
 U.S. General Patton and army able to
advance
• Aug. 25 Paris is liberated from
4 years of German occupation
 Sept. 1944-
Allies free France completely
• Also Belgium & Luxemburg
 FDR
elected to 4th term
 Onward to Germany
 Oct. 1944- U.S. captures 1st German townAachen
What
happened
to Mussolini?
 Mussolini
surprised by the Italian army’s
collapse
 Italian government forced Mussolini to
resign
 King stripped Mussolini of his power and
arrested him in 1943.
 German forces rescued him in April
1945.
 While trying to escape to Switzerland he
was captured by Italians, executed, and
…
 Hitler’s
Last Ditch Effort *Being attacked
on two fronts*
 8 German tanks break through weak
Allied front
 Moved 60 miles into Allied territory
 120 Americans captured and killed
• Lined up in a field & fired upon by a machine
gun
 Fighting
continued for 1 month
 Germany lost 120,000 troops, 600 tanks
• No other choice but retreat
April 12, 1945 FDR Dies
 April 25, 1945- Soviet troops storm Berlin
 April 30, 1945- Hitler commits suicide
 “I die with a happy heart of
immeasurable deeds of our soldiers at
the front. I myself and my wife
choose to die in order to escape
The disgrace of capitulation.”
 May 8, 1945- Victory in Europe

Following
Pearl Harbor,
who was winning in the
Pacific? The Axis or
Allies?
 U.S. moral
high after Battle of Midway
• What happened here?
• General Douglas MacArthur- commander of Allied
land forces
 Had been forced out of the Philippines when Japan seized
the islands.
• Next strategy=“island hopping” to seize islands and
get closer to Japan
 Battle
of Guadalcanal
• Japanese were building a huge air base.
Allies wanted to attack before it was
finished.
6 month battle- Allies win.
Victory in the
Pacific
The Japanese in Retreat
• Allies move to retake the
Philippines in late 1944
• Battle of Leyte Gulf leaves
Japanese navy badly
damaged
• Kamikazes—Japanese
pilots who fly suicide missions
• In March 1945, American
forces capture Iwo Jima
• U.S. takes Okinawa in June
1945; Japan suffers huge
casualties
The Japanese Surrender
• Advisors warn Truman that
invasion of Japan will cost
many lives
• He has alternative; powerful
new weapon called atomic
bomb
• Manhattan Project—secret
program to develop the bomb
• Atomic bomb dropped on
Hiroshima, August 6, 1945;
about 75,000 die
• Nagasaki bombed on August
9th - 70,000 die immediately
• Japanese surrender on
September 2, 1945
 The
Big Three (Churchill, Roosevelt, and
Stalin) meet at a city called Yalta in
February1945 to discuss post-war plans
Goals:
1. Establishment of post-war order
2. Peace treaties issues
3. Countering the effects of the war
JulyAugust
1945
 November
1945-October 1946
 23 political, economic and military
leaders of Nazi Germany on trial
*Crimes Against
Peace
*War Crimes
*Crimes Against
Humanity






From 1945 to 1952, Japan was
occupied by the United States
army.
The military leaders were
removed from power, and the
emperor was stripped of
political powers.
Japan was forbidden to
rebuild its military.
A democratic constitution was
introduced, giving women
legal equality with men.
Large farms and businesses
were broken up and sold to
poor citizens.
Japan’s Self Defense Forces