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Hitler’s Rise: An Overview 2 Dr. Maccalupo Holocaust/Milkweed Unit Language Arts 7 Factors that led to Hitler’s Rise Arresting personality Skills as a public speaker & propagandist Ability to attract followers – from bitterness of WW I defeat Resentment of the Versailles Treaty Weaknesses of the Weimar Republic The Depression Extreme nationalism Weimar Republic & WW I 1919 WW I ended. Germany defeated and set up a Republic. Germans not prepared for a democratic government. Ruled by an emperor since 1871. Problems in Germany – post WW I Resentment of Versailles Treaty – Article 231 (“war guilt” clause) declared that the Central Powers had begun the war and were responsible for the destruction. Germany was forced to give up land and pay reparations. High Inflation – German Mark almost worthless. By 1923 $1 was worth 4,200,000,000 marks. Hitler & the Nazi Party Hitler’s Early Years – born April 20, 1889 in Austria. One of six children. Wounded during WW I. Believed in heroic virtues of war. Insisted the German army had never been defeated. Believed in the inequality of races & individuals. Nazi Party (National Socialist German Workers’ party formed – 1920. Formed from the German Socialist Workers’ party. Themes – hatred of Jews & Communists, injustice of the Treaty of Versailles, betrayal of the German army by Jews & pacifists, & the need to acquire enormous amounts of land for German settlement. Mein Kampf Hitler wrote Mein Kampf (My Struggle) while in prison for attempting a coup of the government in Munich. The book outlined his program: to manipulate the masses by means of propaganda Forecasts a worldwide battle for racial superiority Promises to free Germany from the limitation imposed by the Treaty of Versailles. Eager Members & the Depression Professionals (lawyers, doctors, scientists) & factory workers supported Hitler’s Nazi party. The Great Depression hit Germany by the early 1930’s. 6 million people in Germany out of work (1/3 of the workforce) Hitler Appointed Chancellor Nazi party won 107 seats in the Reichstag (parliament) in 1930. By 1932 they held 230 seats. 1933 Hitler appointed Chancellor by President Paul von Hindenburg. 1933 Enabling Act: Emergency Decree passed – all civil rights were suspended. Hitler became dictator. Concentration camps opened for “enemies of the people & the state”. Democratic state dead – Hitler & his Third Reich in power. Source of Information Material on this slide presentation adapted from: The Holocaust: A North Carolina Teacher’s Resource Published in cooperation with the North Carolina Council on the Holocaust Copyright 2002 by the North Carolina Council on the Holocaust http://www.dhhs.state.nc.us/holocaustcouncil