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Industrialization and
Nationalism
Unit VI Study Guide
Part A: Multiple Choice
In a capitalist system, the means
of production is:
 A) publicly owned.
 B) privately owned.
 C) owned by labor
unions.
 D) owned by
workers.
 B) privately owned.
At the beginning of the Industrial Revolution, Great Britain had
land, capital, and labor conditions called the:
 A) domestic system.
 B) factory system.
 C) factors of
production.
 D) business cycle.
 C) factors of
production.
According to people who are in favor of the idea of
laissez-faire, government should:
 A) stay out of
business.
 B) regulate business.
 C) hire the
unemployed.
 D) not be an
employer.
 A) stay out of
business.
Which did NOT help determine workers’ wages
under the factory system?
 A) other costs of
production.
 B) whether workers
owned their own
tools.
 C) the number of
workers available.
 D) wages for other
kinds of work.
 B) whether workers
owned their own
tools.
Alternating periods of prosperity and economic
decline are known as the:
 A) supply and
demand.
 B) natural law of
economics.
 C) free enterprise
system.
 D) business cycle.
 D) business cycle.
Who patented the modern steam
engine?
 A) James Watt
 B) Andrew Carnegie
 C) John Stuart Mill
 D) Henry Bessemer
 A) James Watt
The Wright brothers’ airplane flew
successfully because they:
 A) used gasoline as
a fuel.
 B) used a dynamo.
 C) combined science
and technology.
 D) combined
quantum theory with
relativity.
 C) combined science
and technology.
Which social science compares different
societies?
 A) sociology
 B) political science
 C) archaeology
 D) anthropology
 D) anthropology
The MOST important cause of the growth
of cities was:
 A) the development
of suburbs.
 B) the growth of the
factory system.
 C) improvements in
law enforcement.
 D) laws requiring
education for all
children.
 B) the growth of the
factory system.
Which was NOT an advance in biology in
the 1800s?
 A) the role of cells in
cloning
 B) the role of cells in
disease
 C) the discovery that all
living things are made
up of cells
 D) the knowledge that
all cells divide and
multiply
 A) the role of cells
in cloning.
Which was NOT a goal of public
education in the 1800s?
 A) educated soldiers
 B) patriotic citizens
 C) workers who
could appreciate
culture
 D) workers who
could read and write
 C) workers who
could appreciate
culture
People’s diets were improved by new knowledge about
pasteurization, refrigeration, and the use of:
 A) the five food
groups.
 B) low-calorie
foods.
 C) vitamins and
minerals.
 D) low-fat foods.
 C) vitamins and
minerals.
The goal of some reforms enacted by British
liberals was to:
 A) protect slave
traders.
 B) abolish the
monarchy.
 C) reduce suffrage.
 D) extend suffrage.
 D) extend suffrage.
Targeting both military and civilian resources in
war is known as:
 A) modern war.
 B) civil war.
 C) guerrilla war.
 D) total war.
 D) total war.
The event that started the French revolution of
1848 was:
 A) a decree restricting
free speech.
 B) widespread support
for a republican
government.
 C) the abdication of
Louis Philippe.
 D) support for a
descendant of Charles
X.
 A) a decree
restricting free
speech.
Alfred Dreyfus was:
 A) guilty of bribery.
 B) guilty of adultery.
 C) falsely accused
of spying for
Germany.
 D) falsely accused
of covering up a
scandal.
 C) falsely accused
of spying for
Germany.
Disputes among which nations
led to the Crimean War?
 A) Palestine, Great
Britain, and Russia.
 B) Russian, Great
Britain, and Germany.
 C) Russia, the Ottoman
Empire, and France.
 D) France, Germany,
and the Ottoman
Empire.
 C) Russia, the
Ottoman Empire,
and France.
When Spain tried to regain its Latin American colonies,
the United States responded with:
 A) the Northwest
Ordinance.
 B) a declaration of
war.
 C) an offer to help.
 D) the Monroe
Doctrine.
 D) the Monroe
Doctrine.
The Prussian king who became emperor of the
German Empire was:
 A) William I.
 B) William II.
 C) Francis I.
 D) Francis II.
 A) William I.
The emancipation of the serfs:
 A) kept them in
farming.
 B) led to economic
security.
 C) did not solve all
problems.
 D) increased factory
wages.
 C) did not solve all
problems.
The fact that Germany’s industrialization came later
than that of Britain and France:
 A) was a result of a lack
of natural resources.
 B) was a result of
government disinterest.
 C) let the Germans use
the best methods and
machinery available.
 D) kept Germany from
becoming a great
industrial power.
 C) let the Germans
use the best methods
and machinery
available.
One problem Italy faced after
unification was:
 A) Austria’s refusal to
give up Venice.
 B) Sicily’s refusal to
become part of the new
nation.
 C) lack of a leader
accepted by the people
of all states.
 D) tension between the
north and the south.
 D) tension between
the north and the
south.
Terrorism was used by the:
 A) People’s Will
group.
 B) Populists.
 C) czar.
 D) serfs.
 A) People’s Will
group.
The Social Democratic Party:
 A) had many members
elected to the Reichstag.
 B) never achieved much
representation.
 C) supported private
ownership of industry.
 D) supported the
actions of the cartels.
 B) never achieved
much representation.
The phrase “the White Man’s
Burden” refers to:
 A) the idea that white
people stayed in the sun
too long.
 B) the idea that nonWestern people needed
help from Westerners.
 C) the amount of luggage
that the Europeans
brought with them.
 D) the amount of raw
materials that the
Europeans sent back.
 B) the idea that non-
Western people
needed help from
Westerners.
The Fashoda crisis was a dispute
between:
 A) France and the
Ottoman Empire over
Tunis.
 B) Belgium and France
over the Congo.
 C) the Netherlands and
Britain over South
Africa.
 D) Britain and France
over the Sudan.
 D) Britain and
France over the
Sudan.
Egypt came under British rule in
part because of the:
 A) Suez Canal.
 B) Strait of
Gibraltar.
 C) pyramids.
 D) diamond trade.
 A) Suez Canal.
Which West African state
remained independent?
 A) Ghana.
 B) Liberia.
 C) Senegal.
 D) French West
Africa.
 B) Liberia.
Cecil Rhodes controlled:
 A) the Suez Canal.
 B) game hunting in
Kenya.
 C) trade in ivory,
rubber, and palm oil.
 D) South African
diamond production.
 D) South African
diamond production.
The British government took
control of India when:
 A) the Suez Canal was
built.
 B) Hindus and Muslims
began fighting.
 C) soldiers rebelled
against the British East
India Company.
 D) European princes
asked the British to
keep order.
 C) soldiers rebelled
against the British
East India Company.
Part B: Fill in the Blank
Chapter 22
 Name four
characteristics of the
working conditions
in factories.
 Factories were cold and




damp in winter, and steamy
in summer;
Sanitary facilities were poor;
Machines had no safety
devices and accidents
occurred frequently;
No compensation for injured
workers;
Workers spent 14 hour days,
six days a week on the job.
Chapter 22
 Name three
characteristics of the
assembly line.
 The system of producing
large numbers of identical
items is known as mass
production;
 Manufacturers devised the
assembly line by which
parts were carried from
worker to worker;
 Saved time, energy, and
increased production.
Chapter 22
 Name four results of
the early reform
laws during the
Industrial
Revolution.
 Factory Act of 1802 shortened





hours in the cotton mills;
Factory Act of 1833 extended
the law to all textile mills;
Children under 9 could not
work;
Children 9-13 could work 8
hours for 6 days a week;
Older children could work for
12 hours a day;
1847 the Ten Hours Act came
into force.
Chapter 23
 Name three
characteristics of the
development of
electricity.
 Industrialization
encouraged new sources
of power;
 Electricity was
developed in 1870s;
 Faraday invented the
first electric generator;
 Moving a magnet
through a coil wire
created an electric
current.
Chapter 23
 Name three
characteristics of
sociology.
 Is the study of human
relationships in society;
 Auguste Comte was the
founder of sociology;
 Argued that society, like
nature, operated by
certain laws;
 Believed sociologists
should also follow
scientific methods.
Chapter 23
 Name three
characteristics in the
rise of Romanticism.
 Literature, music, and
art reflected the social
and economic change of
the Industrial Age;
 Works were interested
in showing how life
should be rather than
how it was;
 Reaction against Age of
Reason;
 Known as
Romanticism.
Chapter 24
 Name four
characteristics of
voting restrictions in
Britain before the
reforms.
 Before the reforms,
voters in Britain had
many restrictions;
 Only property owners
could vote;
 Voted in the open for
all to see;
 Voters could be bribed
or intimidated;
 Catholics, Jews, nonAnglicans couldn’t
vote.
Chapter 24
 Name four
characteristics of
continued expansion
in the United States.
 In 1803 bought Louisiana





purchase from Napoleon and
doubled size of U.S.;
Purchased Florida from
Spain in 1819;
Texan annexation in 1845;
War with Mexico created the
Mexican Cession;
Treaty of 1846 gave Oregon
Territory;
1853 Gadsden Purchase.
Chapter 24
 Name four
characteristics of the
Revolution of 1848
in France.
 France erupted in 1848





after Louis Philippe
restricted free speech;
Rioters took to the streets;
National Guard troops were
sent in but they joined the
rioters;
Louis Philippe gave up
throne and left for England;
Second French Republic
was proclaimed;
Many reforms took place in
France.
Chapter 25
 Name three
characteristics that
led to the FrancoPrussian War.
 Bismarck wanted
southern states to join
his confederation;
 Edited a telegram which
insulted the French;
 French declared war in
July 1870;
 Southern states united
with Prussia and war
ended in September.
Chapter 25
 Name three
characteristics that
led to the
resignation of
Bismarck.
 William II became
emperor in 1888;
 Held strongly
conservative opinions;
 Felt Bismarck had too
much power;
 Bismarck resigned in
1890 out of frustration
with William and the
Socialists.
Chapter 25
 Name three
characteristics of
Alexander II and the
freedom of all serfs.
 Became czar in 1855;
 Paid attention to public
opinion;
 Realized his country’s
backwardness;
 Emancipation Edict
freed all serfs;
 Factory owners would
benefit from freed serfs.
Chapter 26
 Name four
economic motives
for imperialism.
 Industrialization spurred





imperialism;
After 1850 technology grew
rapidly;
Industrialized nations needed
a lot of raw materials to
make products;
Did not want to rely on
foreign nations;
Mass production meant new
markets were needed;
Rapid population growth
accompanied industrialism.
Chapter 26
 Name three
characteristics that
led to the Fashoda
crisis.
 Sudan was Egyptian colony;
 Both Britain and France
wanted the colony;
 In 1881 Sudan had a
revolution against Egyptian
rule;
 British troops decided to
invade Sudan in 1898;
 Wanted to stop the
revolution before the French
decided to take the land.
Chapter 26
 Name three
characteristics that
led to the
competition for West
Africa
 Area was center for slave




trade;
Europeans had slave trading
posts along the coast;
After the slave trade, the
posts were used for other
trade goods;
Europeans wanted to go
inland to control the sources
they traded;
Liberia was only
independent state in the
West.
Part C: Essay Questions
Essay Question
 Summarize the ways industrialization
changed British society. Discuss
changes in agriculture, manufacturing,
work, and the organization of business.
Essay Question
 Compare and contrast the elements of
capitalism and socialism.
Essay Question
 Do you think that the scientific and
technological advances of the 1800s
improved people’s lives? Explain and
support your answer with information
about the changes in electricity,
communications, transportation, and
medicine.
Essay Question
 How would life in the industrial age
have been different without the
intellectual developments in such areas
as the social sciences and public
education?
Essay Question
 Describe the factors that led to the U.S.
Civil War.
Essay Question
 Compare and contrast the ways Great
Britain and Spain treated their colonies
and the other countries they ruled.
Essay Question
 Describe the ways Otto von Bismarck
maintained his power when faced with
opposition.
Essay Question
 Explain why attempts to liberalize the
Russian government failed.
Essay Question
 How did imperialism benefit the
European nations? Were there benefits
for the colonized regions? Provide
evidence supporting both sides of the
question.