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Biomes Unit 1: Ecology K. Stacker SEV2: Students will demonstrate an understanding that the Earth is one interconnected system SEV3: Students will describe stability and change in ecosystems SEV5: Students will recognize that human beings are part of the global ecosystem and will evaluate the effects of human activities Element a: Investigate the relationships among organisms, populations, communities, ecosystems, and biomes. Essential Question (s): 1). How does climate and geographical location determine the types of plants and animals that inhabit a biome? BIOME NOTES What to Do! When ever you see this symbol Be prepared to write. Copy Every Question & Answer What is a biome? • • • A biome is a group of ecosystems with the same climax communities Biomes located on land are called terrestrial biomes Biomes located in water are called aquatic biomes WHAT ARE CHARACTERISTICS OF AQUATIC BIOMES? Ponds Streams and Rivers Lakes Coral Reefs Estuaries Oceans What are the Aquatic Biomes? Aquatic Biomes Examples Saltwater (Marine) Oceans, Seas, Coral Reefs Estuary Bays, Bayous, Harbors,Inlets Freshwater Rivers, Ponds, Lakes, Wetlands (swamps & marshes What animal life and plant life exist in the Aquatic Biomes? Aquatic Biomes Animal Life Plant Life Saltwater (Marine) Sharks, Dolphins, Crabs Corals, Seaweed, Algae Estuary Otters, Birds, Reptiles Trees, Algae, Seaweed Freshwater Catfish, Shrimp, Amphibians Pond Lilies, What are the Aquatic Biomes? Aquatic Biomes Examples Animal Life Plant Life Saltwater (Marine) Oceans, Seas, Coral Reefs Sharks, Dolphins, Crabs Corals, Seaweed, Algae Estuary Bays, Bayous, Harbors,Inlets Otters, Birds, Reptiles Trees, Algae, Seaweed Freshwater Rivers, Ponds, Catfish, Shrimp, Lakes, Wetlands Amphibians (swamps & marshes Oligotrophic lakes are nutrient poor (catfish, carp...) Eutrophic lake are nutrient rich (trout, bass...) Pond Lilies, Aquatic Biomes Saltwater Estuary Freshwater What are the Terrestrial Biomes? • • • • • • • Tundra Taiga aka Coniferous (Boreal) Forest Temperate Deciduous Forest Tropical Rain Forest (jungle) Grasslands Savanna (tropical grasslands) Deserts What Determines Biological Communities (Ecosystems)? Climate (Temperature & Moisture) Geography (Location) Terrestrial Biomes Seven major biomes cover most of The Earth’s land surface. Because Mountainous areas do not belong to any One biome, they are given their own designation. What to Do! When ever you see this symbol Be prepared to complete a venn diagram for each terrestrial biome. (PLANTS) (ANIMALS) BIOME NAME (TEMPERATURE) (RAINFALL) What are the characteristics of the TUNDRA? Alpine Artic Tundra • • • • • • • Cold (-20 F to -93 F) & dark most of the year Includes the arctic Permafrost (ice) is the top layer of soil (usually 3-5 ft deep) that thaws to allow for plant growth No trees, but sedges & grass, mosses, & lichens Many migratory animals (Foxes, Owls, Caribou) Lemmings are year round residents Approximately 20 cm annual rainfall What are the characteristics of FOREST? Temperate Boreal Tropical Taiga • Coniferous forest • Extends across northern Eurasia & North America • Contains conifers or evergreens (spruce, cedar, fir, pine ...) • Needle like leaves withstand weight of snow • Bear, deer, moose, wolves, mountain lions ... • Sequoia or redwood (largest conifer) grows here • Bristle cone pine oldest living conifer found here NOTE: Climate & Precipitation is on the next slide Taiga cont’d • Winter's LOWEST temperature in taiga is -65°F. Winter's HIGHEST temperature is 30° F. Summer's LOWEST temperature is 30° F. Summer's HIGHEST temperature is 70° F. • The temperature range, as you can see, is -65° F to 70°F (-54 to 21° C). • The taiga climate has an average annual rainfall of 12 - 33 inches (30 - 84 cm). Most of it falls in the summer as rain. Temperate (Deciduous) Forest • South of taiga in North America, eastern Asia, & Europe • High annual rainfall (75-150 cm) • Moderate temperatures with well-defined seasons of about equal length • Trees loose leaves in winter (deciduous trees: broadleaved, hard wood trees) • Songbirds, deer, rabbits, foxes, squirrels, frogs & toads, lizards ... Tropical Rain Forest • • • • • • • • Near equator Warm climate (20 -25 degrees C) Plentiful rainfall (190 cm/year) Contains the greatest diversity of plants & animals Insects, monkeys & apes, snakes, tropical birds, leopards... Animals & plants brightly colored Poor soil for agriculture Jungle with (plant layers): 1. Canopy - broad leaf deciduous trees forming uppermost layer 2. Under story - shrubs 3. Forest Floor - herbaceous plants What are the characteristics of GRASSLANDS? Tropical: Savanna Temperate: Prairies and Steppes Grasslands • Mostly grasses with a few trees due to less rainfall • Moderate climates • Summer temperatures can be well over 38° C (100 degrees Fahrenheit), while winter temperatures can be as low as -40° C (-54 degrees Fahrenheit). • Rainfall = 50.8 to 88.9 cm (2035 inches) • Good for agricultural crops • Grazing & burrowing animals dominate • Also called prairies Savanna • Tropical grasslands • Warm climate & rainy season • Rainfall = 50.8 to 127 cm (20-50 inches) per year. • Antelope, zebra, lions, wildebeests, hyenas, elephants... • Suffer from floods & drought What are the characteristics of DESERTS? Hot Semi-Arid Coastal Cold Deserts • Low annual rainfall (1.5 cm) • Subject to strong winds • Days usually hot 43.5-49° C & nights cold -18° C. • Sahara desert is without vegetation • Succulents such as cacti & other water storing plants • Most animals nocturnal • Lizards, snakes, roadrunners, insects, tarantula, hawks, rodents, coyotes... STOP Ocean Zones • Intertidal zone 1. Along shoreline 2. Wave action 3. Lots of light so many producers 4. Starfish, sand dollars... • Neritic Zone 1. Ocean water above continental shelf 2. Coral reef found here 3. Surrounds continents & receives light in upper layers • Bathyal • Abyssal Ocean Zones • Oceanic Zone 1. Beyond continental shelf 2. Deepest area (up to 7 miles) 3. 3. Bottom doesn't receive light so animals adapted to darkness (many produce their own light, feed on other animals...) 4. Deepest area called abyss 5. Upper area gets light & called the photic zone (lots of seaweed here) 6. Floaters called plankton (microscopic organisms) 7. Swimmers such as fish called nekton 8. Bottom dwellers called benthos What is a biome? • • • A biome is a _________________with the _________climax communities Biomes located ___________are called _____________biomes Biomes located _________are called __________ biomes What are the Aquatic Biomes? Aquatic Biomes Examples Oceans, Seas, Coral Reefs (Marine) Bays, Bayous, Harbors,Inlets Rivers, Ponds, Lakes, Wetlands (swamps & marshes What animal life and plant life exist in the Aquatic Biomes? Aquatic Biomes Saltwater (Marine) Estuary Freshwater Animal Life Plant Life What are the Terrestrial Biomes? • • • • • • • _______________ __________ aka Coniferous (Boreal) Forest _______________ Deciduous Forest ____________________________(jungle) ____________________________ _________________ (tropical grasslands) _________________ BIOMES OF THE WORLD FAUNA FLORA (PLANTS) (ANIMALS) ________________________ CLIMATE PRECIPITATION (TEMPERATURE) (RAINFALL) BIOMES OF THE WORLD FAUNA FLORA (PLANTS) (ANIMALS) ________________________ CLIMATE PRECIPITATION (TEMPERATURE) (RAINFALL)
