Download 40-1 and 40-2 Notes - CORE Charter FFA and Agriculture Program

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40-1 and 40-2
Notes
40-1 Infectious Disease

What is a disease?
– Any change, other tan an injury, which
disrupts the normal functions of the
body.

What three things cause diseases?
1.
 2.
 3.

Inherited
Environment
Bacteria, viruses and fungi
40-1 Infectious Disease

What are pathogens?
– Disease-causing agent, such as a bacterium
or fugus.

A. How Diseases Are Spread
– 1.
What is the best method for fighting
any disease?

Avoid it
– 2.
What are the three ways that diseases
are spread?



i.
ii.
Iii.
One person to another
Contaminated water or food
Infected animals
40-1 Infectious Disease
3.
Sexually Transmitted Diseases
a.
How are some of the most dangerous
pathogens spread?
Sexual contact
b. What are two examples of STD’s caused by
bacteria?
i.
ii.
c.
Syphilis
gonorrhea
What are four examples of STD’s caused by
viruses?
i.
ii.
iii.
iv.
Hepatitis B
Hepatitis C
Genital herpes
AIDS
40-1 Infectious Disease
B. Fighting Infectious Diseases
1.
–
2.
–
3.
What are antibiotics?
Compounds that kill bacteria without
harming the cells of humans or animals
How do antibiotics work?
By interfering with the cellular processes of
microorganisms
What are the two ways antibiotics are
produced?
a.
b.
4.
–
Naturally living organisms
Produced synthetically
How does Penicillin interfere with bacteria
growth?
Interferes with the synthesis of cell
walls by bacteria, crippling fast-growing,
walled bacteria
40-2 The Immune System
A. Nonspecific Defenses
1. What system is the body’s primary
defense against pathogens?
–
The immune system
40-2 The Immune System
2.
First Line of Defense
a.
–
b.
–
c.
–
d.
–
e.
–
What is the job of the body’s first line of
defense?
Keep out pathogens
What is the body’s most important
nonspecific defense?
Skin
What is the purpose of dead cells at the
skin’s surface?
Very few pathogens can penetrate the
layers of dead cells
How does the skin defend against or kill
bacteria?
Oil and sweat glands in the skin produce an
acidic environment
What can happen when your skin is broken?
Pathogens can enter your body and multiply
40-2 The Immune System
3.
Second Line of Defense
a.
–
b.
–
c.
–
d.
–
e.
–
When pathogens enter your body, where are
the toxins released?
Tissue
What is the body’s second line of defense?
Inflammatory response
What is the inflammatory response?
Reaction to tissue damage caused by injury
or infection
How do white blood cells fight infection?
Engulf and destroy bacteria
What is another name for the white blood
cells that engulf and destroy bacteria?
phagocytes
40-2 The Immune System
 What are the body’s 2 major
nonspecific defenses against
invading pathogens (hint: first line
of defense and second line of
defense)?
o
o
Skin
Inflammatory response
40-2 The Immune System
(part II)
A. Specific Defenses
1. What is the substance that triggers
immune response?

antigen
40-2 The Immune System
(part II)1. Humoral Immunity
a.
–
b.
–
c.
–
d.
–
e.
–
What is an antibody?
A protein that helps destroy pathogens
What is the function of the two antigenbinding sites?
So, tow antibodies can bind to each
Why do antibodies want to link viruses into a
large mass?
So, they can engulf and destroy the whole
mass
What happens if the immune system can
produce enough antibodies for a particular
virus?
Prevent the virus from infecting cells
Why do antibodies bind to the surfaces of
bacteria?
They mark the cells for destruction by
phagocytes
40-2 The Immune System
(part II)
2. Permanent Immunity
a. Once the body has been exposed to a
pathogen, memory cells remain
capable of producing what?
– B and T cells remain capable of
producing specific antibodies to that
pathogen.
b. What do these memory cells ensure?
– The disease never gets a chance to
develop a second time