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th 5 Grade Science Vocabulary Flash Cards Goal 4: Forces & Motion Position position The location of an object Gravity gravity The force that pulls things toward Earth Unbalanced force Unbalanced force Forces that have a net force, or a net force that is not zero When one force is greater than its opposite force b Balanced force Balanced force Forces that have a net force of zero Forces equal in size and opposite in direction momentum momentum A measure of how hard it is to stop or slow down an object acceleration acceleration A change in motion caused by unbalanced forces or a change in velocity design design To imagine and create the best way to solve a problem mass mass The amount of matter in an object friction friction The force that acts on an object to stop its motion speed speed A measurement of distance over time power power The amount of work done for each unit of time work work The use of force to move an object through a distance. energy energy The capacity to do work. It can be used to move muscles, operate machines, cook meals, and heat rooms. joule joule The metric unit of work. net force net force The result of two or more forces acting together on an object. force force The push or pull of an object inertia inertia The tendency of an object to remain at rest or in motion unless it is acted on by a force gravity gravity The force that pulls all objects towards the center of the Earth Simple Machine Simple machine A tool that makes work easier; it has few or no moving parts Goal 3: Weather & Climate water Cycle water cycle The movement of water on Earth that moves between the air, the land, and the oceans precipitation precipitation Any form of water that falls from clouds such as rain or snow temperature temperature The average kinetic energy of all the molecules in an object evaporation evaporation The process by which a liquid changes into a gas run - off run-off Rain that lands on top of a mountain, travels down the mountain to lower ground, moving over and through the rock and soil, and joins larger bodies of water or forms streams. condensation condensation The process by which a gas changes back into a liquid cloud clouds A collection of millions of tiny water droplets or ice crystals troposphere troposphere The lowest layer of the Earth’s atmosphere, where most water is found and where most clouds form. stratosphere stratosphere The next higher level above the troposphere. Very little weather occurs here. air pressure air pressure The weight of the air in an area atmosphere atmosphere The layer of air that surround Earth climate climate The average weather conditions over a very long period of time wind wind The movement of air. prevailing (global) winds prevailing (global) winds The global winds that blow constantly from the same direction local winds local winds The winds dependent upon local changes in temperature humidity humidity The amount of water vapor in the air trends trends the general direction in which something tends to move. weather weather The state of the atmosphere at a certain time and place air mass air mass A large body of air that has the same temperature and level of humidity throughout Wind vane Wind vane A tool used to measure the direction from which the wind is blowing thermometer thermometer A tool used to measure air temperature. rain gauge Rain gauge A tool used to measure the amount of precipitation hygrometer hygrometer A tool used to measure humidity barometer barometer A tool used to measure air pressure anemometer anemometer A tool used to measure wind speed front front An area where two air masses meet meteorologist meteorologist A scientist who studies weather valley breeze valley breeze The movement of air created by warm air rising and flowing up the slope of a mountain sea breeze sea breeze The movement of air caused by cool air over the ocean moving toward the land land breeze land breeze The movement of air created by cool air over land moving toward the ocean mountain breeze mountain breeze A breeze that blows down a mountain slope due to the gravitational flow of cooled air. Types of Clouds *Clouds are classified by their shapes and by the altitude at which they form. cirrus cirrus Thin, wispy clouds that form high in the sky. These form when the wind is strong. cumulus cumulus Fluffy, white clouds that look like piles of cotton balls with flat bottoms. These form as warm air rises and are usually a sign of fair weather. stratus stratus Flat, horizontal clouds that form in layers and at low altitudes. These form when a large mass of air is gently lifted into the atmosphere. They tend to cover large areas of the sky and block out sunlight. cumulonimbus cumulonimbus These are large cumulus clouds that bring thunderstorms.