Download Chapter 25 Section 1 The Cold War Begins

Section 1
Chapter 25 Section 1
The Cold War Begins
The Cold War
The Begins
Cold War Begins
Section 1
Focus Question
How did U.S. leaders respond to the
threat of Soviet expansion in Europe?
World War II convinced U.S. leaders that the
policies of isolationism and appeasement had
been mistakes.
To counter the growing Soviet threat, they
sought new ways to keep the U.S. safe and
protect its interests abroad.
The Cold War
The Begins
Cold War Begins
Section 1
A Clash of Ideologies
Despite their alliance during World War II,
the U.S. and the Soviet Union had little in
common.
The United States
was a capitalist
democracy. The
American people
valued freedom and
individual rights.
The Soviet Union was a
dictatorship. Stalin and
the Communist Party
wielded total control over
the lives of the Soviet
people.
The Cold War
The Begins
Cold War Begins
Section 1
Postwar Goals
These differences were apparent as the Allies
made decisions about the future of postwar
Europe.
Postwar Goals
U.S. and Britain
U.S.S.R.
Strong, united Germany
Weak, divided Germany
Independence for nations
of Eastern Europe
Maintain Soviet control
of Eastern Europe
The Cold War
The Begins
Cold War Begins
AS
Section 1
The Big Three at Odds
When the Big Three met at Yalta, Stalin agreed to allow free
elections in Eastern Europe, yet free elections were not held.
The Cold War
The Begins
Cold
War Begins
Churchill
Roosevelt
Stalin
Section 1
The Big Three at Odds
When the Big Three met again at Potsdam, the U.S. and
Britain pressed Stalin to confirm his commitment to free
elections; Stalin refused.
The Big Three alliance crumbled.
The Begins
Cold
War Begins
AttleeThe Cold War
Truman
Stalin
Section 1
The Iron Curtain
The nations of Eastern Europe and the eastern part of
Germany became satellite states of the Soviet Union,
separated from the free world by an “iron curtain.”
Cold War Europe, 1949
The Cold War
The Begins
Cold War Begins
Section 1
The Cold War
The Begins
Cold War Begins
Section 1
Containment
After the Big Three split at Potsdam, the
Cold War struggle between the world’s two
superpowers began.
The Soviets were
determined to
spread
communism to
other lands.
The Americans
were determined
to stop them.
Containing communist expansion became
the United States’ top priority.
The Cold War
The Begins
Cold War Begins
Section 1
The Truman Doctrine
With the Truman Doctrine, the U.S. promised to
support nations struggling against communist
movements.
Money was sent to
Greece and Turkey to
provide aid to people
who needed it.
The Cold War
The Begins
Cold War Begins
Section 1
Greek Civil War
Note the use of
captured German
equipment
Approximately 1500
Americans served in
Greece and more than
$900 million in military
ands civilian aid was
given
The Cold War
The Begins
Cold War Begins
Section 1
The Marshall Plan
The U.S. sent about $13 billion to Western
Europe under the Marshall Plan.
The money
provided
food, fuel,
and raw
materials to
help rebuild
war-torn
cities and
towns.
The Cold War
The Begins
Cold War Begins
Section 1
The Cold War
The Begins
Cold War Begins
Section 1
The Cold War
The Begins
Cold War Begins
Section 1
The Marshall Plan
The Cold War
The Begins
Cold War Begins
Section 1
The Cold War
The Begins
Cold War Begins
Section 1
The Cold War
The Begins
Cold War Begins
Section 1
Divided Germany
Germany, and the city of Berlin, became flashpoints
in the Cold War.
After the war, Germany was divided into four zones.
The zones controlled by the U.S., Britain, and France
were combined to form West Germany.
The Soviet zone became East Germany.
The Cold War
The Begins
Cold War Begins
Section 1
Divided Berlin
Berlin was also divided.
The zones controlled by
the U.S., Britain, and
France were combined to
form West Berlin.
The Soviet zone became
East Berlin.
The Cold War
The Begins
Cold War Begins
Section 1
Divided Berlin
The Cold War
The Begins
Cold War Begins
Section 1
The Berlin Blockade
West Berlin was controlled by the Allies.
The prosperity
and freedoms
there stood in
stark contrast
to the bleak
life in
communist
East Berlin.
Determined
to capture
West Berlin,
Stalin
blockaded
the city,
cutting off
supplies.
The Cold War
The Begins
Cold War Begins
In response,
the U.S. and
Britain sent
aid to West
Berlin
through a
massive
airlift.
Section 1
The Berlin Airlift
The Berlin airlift saved West Berlin and
underscored the U.S. commitment to contain
communism.
The Cold War
The Begins
Cold War Begins
Section 1
The Berlin Airlift
Cold War
The Begins
Cold
Begins
American cargo The
planes
at War
Berlin’s
Tempelhof Airport
Section 1
The Cold War
The Begins
Cold War Begins
Section 1
•The Russian blockade lasted from 24 June 1948 to 11 May 1949,
but the airlift continued for several more months
•The airlift cost the United States $350 million; the UK £17
million and Western Germany 150 million Deutschmarks
•Berliners received an average of 2,300 calories a day which was
higher than the UK food rationing system provided at the time
•At the height of the operation, on April 16 1949, an allied aircraft
landed in Berlin every minute
•Each aircraft was unloaded by German crews in 20-30 minutes
The Cold War
The Begins
Cold War Begins
Section 1
•Normal daily food requirements for Berlin was 2000 tons
•Coal represented two -thirds of all tonnage; giving each family (25-30lb) per
month
•The airlift required 850,00 multi-layer paper sacks per month
•394,509 tons of foodstuffs, coal and supplies carried by 689 military and civil
aircraft - 441 US, 147 RAF and 101 British civil.
•The pilots and aircrew also came from Australia, Canada, South Africa and
New Zealand
•83,405 tons of cargo and 68,000 people were flown OUT of Berlin
•39 British, 31 American and 13 German civilians lost their lives in the Berlin
Airlift. They are remembered on the Berlin Airlift monument at Tempelhof
•124,420,813 miles were flown during the airlift. A total of 277,804 flights
The Cold War
The Begins
Cold War Begins
Section 1
Cold War Alliances
As Cold War tensions mounted, both sides
formed military alliances for collective security.
NATO
Belgium
Canada
Denmark
France
Greece
Iceland
Italy
Luxembourg
Netherlands
Norway
Portugal
Turkey
United Kingdom
United States
West Germany
The Cold War
The Begins
Cold War Begins
Warsaw Pact
Albania
Bulgaria
Czechoslovakia
East Germany
Hungary
Poland
Romania
Soviet Union
Section 1
NATO
vs
WARSAW
PACT
NATO
WARSAW PACT
The Cold War
The Begins
Cold War Begins
Section 1
The Cold War
The Begins
Cold War Begins