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Mrs. Gibson The sun is medium sized In order from smallest to largest: ◦ Neutron star White dwarf Medium sizedGiant Super giant A star’s color reveals its temperature In order from coolest to hottest: ◦ Red Red/OrangeYellow WhiteBlue The brightness of a star depends on size and temperature How bright a star looks depends on distance from Earth and actual brightness Apparent magnitude: brightness as seen from Earth Absolute magnitude: brightness if it were a standard distance from Earth Hertzsprung-Russel diagram shows the relationship between surface temperature and brightness More than 90% of stars are in the main sequence where surface temperature increases as brightness increases Lifetime depends on mass Less massive live longer A medium sized star will live about 10 billion years ◦ Astronomers believe that the sun is about 4.6 billion years old Stars smaller than the sun can live up to 200 billion years Nebula: large amount of gas & dust spread out in an immense volume Protostar: earliest stage in a star’s life White Dwarf: remaining hot core of a star after outer layers expand & drift out into space Supernova: Explosion of a dying giant or super giant star Black Hole: remains of an extremely massive star pulled into a small volume by the force of gravity