Download Cos`è MPEG-21 ?

What’s MPEG-21 ?
(a short summary of available papers by OCCAMM)
MPEG-21 Foundation Concepts
• MPEG-21 Digital Item
– the standardised representation of “a work” in digital form
– it may have a hiererachical and dynamic structure (it could be composed
of other Digital Items changing over time)
– it can show various configurations depending on certain conditions (think
of active Web pages)
– it can include both content (audio, picture, text, etc.) and associated
information (descriptions, usage rules, references, etc.)
• User
– whatever entity interacts with Digital Items (to create, modify, transfer,
use them, etc.)
– performs transactions with other Users, during which one or more Digital
Items are acted upon and some “value” (money, information, etc.) is
transferred
MPEG-21’s Universe
User
transaction
$
transaction
$
User
MPEG-21
Digital Item
MPEG-21
Digital Item
MPEG-21
Digital Item
$
$
$
User
transaction
User
MPEG-21
Digital Item
transaction
$
transaction
User
$
MPEG-21 Multimedia Framework
• It’s the set of normative items (architectures, formats, algorithms,
protocols, interfaces, etc.) that allow Users to interact with Digital Items
in a standard way and in accordance with the following principles
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
full interoperability across all terminals and networks
easily understandable commands and procedures
protection of intellectual property
protection of privacy
clear and unambiguous usage rules
identification of all interacting entities
traceability of all events and processes
• The needed normative items may be
– already available inside MPEG -> MPEG-21 endorses them
– already available outside MPEG -> MPEG-21 adopts them
– not yet existing but within MPEG’s mandate -> MPEG-21develops them
• Normative items outide MPEG’s mandate (es. regarding payment
infrastructures) are not part of the MPEG-21 Multimedia Framework.
However, MPEG-21 specifies appropriate interfaces with other
frameworks
MPEG-21 Multimedia Framework
User
User
MPEG-21 Multimedia Framework
MPEG-21
Digital Item
User
MPEG-21
Digital Item
MPEG-21
Digital Item
MPEG-21
Digital Item
User
User
$
$
$
another framework
How MPEG-21 Proceeds
• Identify the general problem to be addressed, perform a state-of-art
survey and select specific areas where an intervention is deemed to be
needed, proposing the relevant “work items” to ISO (it’s where they
are at now)
– Define a number of hypothetical operational scenarios (use cases)
– From there, derive high level requirements, representing User expectations
as regards the Multimedia Framework
– Identify the functions that are needed to fulfil those requirements, starting
from high level functions then going down into detail
– Such functions have been grouped according to 7 categories, each one
representing a specific work area for MPEG-21
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Content Representation
Digital Item Declaration
Content Management and Usage
Content Identification and Description
Intellectual Property Management and Protection
Terminals and Networks
Event Reporting
MPEG-21 Work Areas
MPEG-21 Multimedia Framework
Digital Item
Declaration
Content
Management and Usage
Content
Representation
Content
Identification and
Description
Terminals and
Networks
IPMP
Event Reporting
Digital Item Declaration
• Goal
– establish an abstract, flexible and interoperable scheme for Digital Item
declaration
• Criteria
– content and descriptive data shall be fully separable
– the defined scheme shall be applicable to all content and descriptive data
types
– the scheme shall allow constructing composite and reconfigurable Items
(e.g. recursive incapsulation of Digital Items)
– it shall be possible to search and navigate a Digital Item’s tree structure in
an efficient way
– it shall be possible for a User to build his/her own “collections” of Digital
Items including customised references and comments
– the scheme shall allow for unambiguous identification of a Digital Item
and its components, and permit revision of such identification
information, in a open and extensible manner
• Goals
Content Management and Usage
– define interfaces and protocols for Digital Item search, store and management
– define interfaces and protocols for management of User profiles and Digital
Item usage data
– define interfaces e protocols enabling use of intelligent agents within the
Multimedia Framework
• Criteria
– the Multimedia Framework shall provide means for a User to locate Digital
Items of interest wherever they are, taking also into account his/her personal
preferences
– different Digital Item management systems shall be totally interopeable
– the Multimedia Framework shall provide means for the management of a
Digital Item life cycle according to reconfigurable policies
– the Multimedia Framework shall provide means for tracing all modifications
that a Digital Item incurs over time
– it shall be possible at any instant for a User to know where all the copies of all
the Digital Items he/she owns are located and what usage rules apply to each
copy
– the Multimedia Framework shall provide means for creating, modifying and
managing User profiles and Digital Item usage data, as well as to exchange such
information with other frameworks
Content Identification and Description
• Goals
– define a common framework for the identification and description of Digital
Items, their components and related information
– define appropriate interfaces with existing identification systems
– define identification methods when nothing exists yet (e.g. for indentification
of people and rights)
• Criteria
– account for the needs stemming from of the largest possible number of
business models
– allow for multiple identification data generation and management methods
– ensure persistent association between identification data and Digital Items
– standardise access to identification data, including procedures for data
insertion, modification or extraction
– ensure protection of identification data
– allow for seamless integration, efficient organization e full interoperability
among identification data generated by different identification systems (e.g.
existing systems vs new ones)
IPMP
• Goals
– define a “trusted framework” of IPMP systems
– define methods for norms and rules codification
– define interfaces with platforms that provide financial transactions in
association to rights management
– provide a uniform technical and organisational foundation for a “Domain
Governance Organisation” that governs (on behalf of all Users) the behaviour
of devices, systems and applications involved in interacting with Digital Items
and services that provide transactional support within the Multimedia
Framework
• Criteria
– identify and liaise with potential “Domain Governance Organisations” and in
general with relevant “governing organisations”
– endorse, possibly with adaptations, the solutions identified by MPEG for
protecting MPEG-4 content and MPEG-7 descriptors, and extend them to
protect al types of Digital Items
– adopt, possibly with adaptations and extentions, existing languages allowing
formal description of contractual clauses and develop new laguages as needed
(e.g. to allow formal expression of laws, governamental policies, etc.)
The Domain Governance Organisations of
MPEG-21
Rights
Holder
Trust &
Control
Intermediary
1
Intermediary
n
Rights Infrastructure Services
IPMP Systems,
Clearinghouses, ...
Domain Governance
Organisations
Societal Platform
Government, Courts, Supranational Organisations
End User
Terminals and Networks
• Goal
– define programming interfaces and protocols that enable transparent
access to Digital Items across a multiplicity of networks and devices;
namely specify
• API and associated protocols for terminal Quality of Service (QoS)
management
• NPI and associated protocols for network QoS management
• API and associated protocols for joint terminal and network QoS management
• rules for QoS negotiation and implementation
• API enabling QoS agent technologies
• Criteria
– Users shall not be expected to know anything about the devices and
channels through which they access Digital Items
– Users shall only be presented with a clear offer specifying (in a nontechnical fashion) what QoS is available for what price
– portability of Digital Items across all types of terminals and networks shall
be granted, possibly by implementing some form of content scalability
– any conversion, scaling and adaptation performed on Digital Items to port
them across different terminals and networks shall be totally transparent to
the Users
MPEG-21 QoS Management
Resource Manager
User
Prediction Manager
Network Manager
Network
Global QoS Manager
Terminal
Terminal Manager
Resource Manager
Prediction Manager
• Goals
Event Reporting
– standardise metrics for performance of all reportable “events” within the
Multimedia Framework
– provide means of capturing and containing these metrics and interfaces that
refer to identified Digital Items, environments, processes, transactions and
Users
• Criteria
– each and every interaction within the Multimedia Framework shall be treated
as an “event”
– different needs as regards access to recorded “events” originated by different
Users and business models shall be accounted for (e.g. for marketing,
advertising, financial reporting, network and service performance evaluation
purposes, etc.)
– particular attention shall be payed to “events” related to
•
•
•
•
•
Digital Item integrity
interactions involving Digital Items
financial transactions among Users
Digital Items delivery
enforcement of Digital Item usage rules and applicable legislation
– it shall be possible to make such metrics available to processes that run outside
the MPEG-21 Multimedia Framework, for instance processes belonging to
other frameworks that interoperate with MPEG-21