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Diet & Cholesterol
The impact of lifestyle
Lesson Objectives: Diet
We are Learning to…………..
Know how diet can affect our bodies.
What I’m looking for…
 You must be able to identify the symptoms that go with
the diseases caused by poor eating
D/C Grade
 You should be able to predict the impact of poor eating
on people’s long term long term health
B Grade
 You could be able to explain why eating fatty foods is
more likely to make a person put on weight than eating
carbohydrate-rich foods
A/A* Grade
Starter: what makes a balanced diet
1.
2.
In pairs write down what food groups
make up a balanced diet.
What are each of the food groups
used for?
Diet and Energy
A healthy, balanced diet contains :
- Carbohydrates for energy;
- Fats for energy and making cell membranes
- Proteins for growth, repair, making enzymes
and energy;
- Vitamins and minerals, to keep healthy
- Fibre (roughage) for digestive system
function
- water
Deficiency


A person with an unbalanced diet is
malnourished.
They may be too fat or too thin, or
have deficiency diseases
Brainstorm
What conditions/diseases do
you know that are caused by
not eating properly?
With a partner you have 6 minutes to
brainstorm as many as you can in your
green notebooks.
NHS Direct
You are working for NHS Direct
and 5 people have called you to
ask you to tell them what is wrong
with them.
You need to read through the
caller cards and the symptom
cards and match the caller to the
symptom.
What advice?
In pairs discuss what advice you would
give each caller to help their long term
health.
Obesity

Very overweight people are described as
obese. They have an increased risk of having
arthritis, high blood pressure, heart disease
and diabetes.


The joints of someone with arthritis are
worn and painful.
Overweight people and those who eat too
much salt often have high blood pressure.
This can lead to heart disease by straining
the heart and damaging blood vessels.
Diabetes




Obese people are prone to Type 2 diabetes: insulin
fails to regulate blood glucose level.
People who get type 2 diabetes are often
overweight, or are fit but inherit faulty genes.
Type 2 diabetes has become more common in
children and young adults. Bad diet, obesity and
smoking increases the risk.
Type 1 diabetes is not related to lifestyle. It often
starts in people under 20 when the cells in the
pancreas that make insulin are destroyed, possibly
by a person’s own immune system.
Metabolic Rate



The rate of chemical reactions in cells –
metabolic rate – is generally faster in
people with a high muscle-to-fat ratio, and in
those who exercise or do physical work.
It can also be affected by inherited factors.
Metabolic rate stays high for some time after
activity.
Self Assessment Questions
Grade D/C
Q1: How does the proportion of muscle to
fat in the body affect metabolic rate?
Grade B/A*
Q2: Can lifestyle changes prevent
diabetes?
Self Assessment Answers
A1:The greater the muscle to fat ratio (D), the
faster the metabolic rate (C)
A2: It cannot avoid type 1 diabetes (A), which
does not seem to be affected by lifestyle
(A*). Eating well, keeping your weight down
and staying fit (B) can reduce the risk of
developing type 2 diabetes (A).
Lesson objectives: cholesterol
We are learning about how cholesterol effects our bodies
What I’m looking for is…
1.
You must be able to identify the differences between
LDL and HDL cholesterol (D/C grade)
2.
You should be able to apply your knowledge of
saturated, mono-unsaturated fats and polyunsaturated
fats to advise people about diet. (C/B grade)
3.
You could be able to explain why eating fatty foods is
more likely to make a person put on weight than
eating carbohydrate-rich foods. (B/A* grade)
Key Facts
Copy these into your note book and
put a box around them.
•High cholesterol levels in the blood increase the risk of heart disease
and can cause high blood pressure.
•There are two types of cholesterol.
1. Low-density lipoproteins (LDLs) are tiny balls of cholesterol
and protein. They carry cholesterol from your liver to your
cells. When there are too many plaque forms in artery walls
which reduces blood flow to the heart.
2. High-density lipoproteins (HDLs) are important for a healthy
heart and they carry the extra cholesterol your heart doesn’t
need back to your liver
•Saturated fats increase bad cholesterol. Mono- and polyunsaturated
fats reduce bad cholesterol levels
What it does to the heart
Fat builds up in
the artery
walls, reducing
the diameter of
the artery
Coronary
arteries
Area of heart
muscle
affected by
the diseased
artery
Cholesterol in the arteries
Statins
If cholesterol intake in the diet is too low, the
liver starts to make cholesterol.
Genes may cause some people’s liver to make
too much cholesterol, and even a good diet
fails to reduce their blood cholesterol.
Instead, they can take statins, drugs that
inhibit the enzymes involved in making
cholesterol
Statin tablets help anyone liable to a heart
attack from high blood pressure, and people
can now buy them in chemists.
Self assessment question
Grade D/C
Q1: Which kind of cholesterol should you
have more of in your blood – LDLs or
HDLs? Why?
Grade B/A*
Q2: Explain why the only way for some
people to lower their blood cholesterol
level is by taking statins.
Self assessment answers
A1. HDLs (D). LDLs cause plaque to form
in your arteries (C).
A2. Some people’s genes (A*), cause the
liver to make lots of cholesterol (B),
regardless of the diet (A). Statins inhibit
an enzyme (A*) that the liver (A) uses
to make cholesterol (B).
Plenary: Which foods are best?