Download Atoms, Elements, and Compounds Study Guide

Name_____________________Science Teacher___________Period_______Date_________
Atoms, Elements, and Compounds Study Guide
1. Know the definitions to the following vocabulary terms or be able to identify examples of.
Most of these definitions are on the back of the periodic table you colored.
Matter – anything that has mass and takes up space
Atom – the smallest part of an element that still retains the element’s properties
Element – a substance that cannot be broken down into any other substance
Compound – a substance made of two or more elements chemically combined in a set ratio
Neutral – having no charge
Proton – particle in nucleus with a positive charge
Neutron – particle in nucleus that is neutral
Quarks – particles that make up protons and neutrons
Electron – particle that orbits the nucleus in different energy levels and has a negative charge
Valence – electrons on the outermost energy level of an atom
Mixture – made from two or more substances-elements, compounds, or both – that are together in
the same place but are not chemically combined into a new sub
Metals – elements that are shiny, ductile, malleable and conduct heat and electricity, found on left
side of the stairstep line
Luster – another word for shiny used to describe metals
Malleable – able to be hammered into shapes
Ductile – able to be drawn into thin wire
Nonmetals – elements that are not shiny, not ductile, not malleable and don’t conduct heat and
electricity and are found on the right side of the stairstep line
Metalloids – elements on either side of the stairstep line that have some characteristics of metals
and some of nonmetals
Synthetic – not made naturally, manmade
Mendeleev – the person who created the periodic table
2. Label the following parts of an atom: nucleus, neutron, electron, proton, electron cloud (also
called energy level, shell, orbit, ring).
1 ELECTRON
4 ELECTRON CLOUD
2 NEUTRON
+ +
3 PROTON
5 NUCLEUS
Name_____________________Science Teacher___________Period_______Date_________
3. Know how to use the Periodic Table of the Elements. (See “14 Things” on back of Periodic
Table Video notes)
Atomic #
8
Proton #
1.
Name of the element
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
Electron #
Symbol for the element
Atomic Number (look @ key)
Atomic Mass
Atomic Mass (look @ key)
– Proton #
Number of Protons (P+= atomic number)
= Neutron #
oxygen
Number of Electrons (P+=E-)
Number of Neutrons (rounded mass - proton)
Atomic Mass
(always round
State of Matter (look @ key)
16
correctly)
Synthetic or natural (look @ key)
Metal or non-metal (metals on left/nonmetals on right); metalloids touching the stairstep line (except
Aluminum)
Family number (number at the top of the column)
Number of valence electrons (from the family #)
Period number (number to the left of the row)
Number of electron shells (from the period #)
O
4. Know the number of electrons that fit in the first four energy levels.
 The first shell holds only 2 electrons.
 The second shell holds 8 electrons.
 The third shell holds 18 electrons.
 The fourth shell holds 32 electrons.
5. Determine the number of protons, neutrons, electrons, atomic number, mass and number of
electrons that will fit on the first 4 shells
 The number of protons in an atom equals the atomic number of that atom. (AN=P=E)
 The number of protons in an atom equals the number of electrons in that atom. (neutral
atoms)
 The number of protons plus the number of neutrons equals the mass number (rounded)
or atomic mass (not rounded). (P + N = M)
6. Recognize the 7 different atomic model
theories and place them in order.
(Just the Models)
1.
Billiard Ball Theory
(John Dalton)
2.
Plum Pudding Theory
(Joseph John Thompson)
3.
Nagaoka Model
(Hantaro Nagaoka)
4.
Rutherford’s Theory
(Ernest Rutherford)
5
Bohr’s Theory
(Niels Bohr)
6.
Chadwick Model
(James Chadwick)
7.
Electron Cloud Theory
(Schrödinger, Heisenberg)
Name_____________________Science Teacher___________Period_______Date_________
7. Know details about our latest theory, the electron cloud theory. (See “The Latest Release”)
8. Identify elements and compounds from their symbols or formulas.
The following are examples of elements: Au (gold), He (helium), Na (sodium), Cl (Chlorine)
The following are examples of compounds: H2O (water), NaCl (salt), H2O2 (hydrogen peroxide)
9. When given a list of elements, know whether it makes up earth, atmosphere, human or oceans.
Solid Earth
Atmosphere
Living Matter
Oceans
Aluminum
Calcium
Hydrogen
Iron
Magnesium
Oxygen
Potassium
Silicon
Sodium
Argon
Carbon
Hydrogen
Nitrogen
Oxygen
Calcium
Carbon
Chlorine
Hydrogen
Iodine
Iron
Magnesium
Nitrogen
Oxygen
Phosphorus
Potassium
Sodium
Sulfur
Zinc
Calcium
Carbon
Chlorine
Fluorine
Hydrogen
Magnesium
Oxygen
Potassium
Silicon
Sodium
Sulfur