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Classifications of Diseases Bacterial – Staphylococcus MRSA Streptococcus Viral – Herpes Simplex Warts Fungus – Athlete’s Foot (Tinea Pedis) Ringworm Staphylococcus/Streptococcus Definition of Staphylococcus: Genus of gram-positive bacteria normally present on the skin and in the upper respiratory tract and prevalent in localized infections. Definition of Streptococcus: Genus of gram-positive bacteria found in the throat, respiratory tract, and intestinal tract. As a group, these types of bacteria that can cause a multitude of infections. Staph and strep bacteria can cause: Folliculitis Boils Cellulitis Impetigo What to look for. Signs and Symptoms Redness Swelling Pus Streaks Warmth Pustules Muscle Pain Fever (Seek immediate medical attention for any skin reaction that is coupled with a fever.) Types Folliculitis – infection of hair follicle Types Boils – infection of hair follicle that usually results in pustule formation that becomes enlarged, reddened, and hard from internal pressure. Types Cellulites – a spreading bacterial infection of the skin and tissues beneath the skin. Types Impetigo - begins as tiny blisters that eventually burst to reveal small wet patches of red skin that may weep fluid. May form a honey-colored crust. Extremely contagious skin infection!!! Bacterial Infections Treatment Consult Physician Antibiotics (oral / topical) Don’t squeeze Squeezing forces infection into adjacent tissues Will spread infection Warm Compress Keep area clean Cover area when in contact with others MRSA (Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus) MRSA is a strain of the common Staphylococcus Aureus bacteria that has mutated and become unable to be killed by commonly used antibiotics. Previously it was found almost exclusively in hospitals, but now is a rapidly growing problem in athletics. It is estimated that Staphylococcus aureus bacteria are carried by 30-50% of the population. It is very easily passed from one person to another. This is especially troublesome in contact sports and school playgrounds. MRSA MRSA will present as any other bacterial skin infection. Only physician testing can diagnose MRSA from other staph infections. Because penicillin type antibiotics cannot treat MRSA, it must be treated properly and promptly or it can become life threatening!!! PREVENTION IS THE KEY! Herpes simplex Strain of virus that is associated with skin and mucous membrane infection. Easily transmitted directly through a lesion in the skin Type 1 – affects body (ex. Cold sore) Type 2 – affects genitals Herpes Zoster – Chicken Pox Highly contagious Herpes virus can not be cured Once infected the virus remains dormant in body between outbreaks. Virus can be transmitted in dormant stage Treatment – Antiviral drugs (OTC or Rx) Common Wart (Verruca vulgaris) Common on hands or fingers Warts appear small, round, and elevated with rough dry surfaces Not highly contagious Treatment – OTC meds or by a physician Plantar Warts Commonly found on the sole of the foot Generally uncomfortable and point tender Appear like cluster of small black seeds Treatment – See a physician Pad the area around the wart to allow for comfort during activity Athlete’s Foot Common form of superficial fungal infection Characterized by itchy, dry, scaling infection of the sole of the foot Treatment – Topical antifungal meds Maintain good foot hygiene Tinea Cruris Located in the groin area Commonly called “Jock Itch” Itchy red-brown scaling plaque on the skin in a outline of a butterfly shape around the groin Treatment – OTC or Rx ointments or topical creams Avoid using hydrocortisone Keep area clean and dry Wear loose fitting clothing when infection is present Tinea Unguim/Onychomycosis Fungal infection of the toe or finger nail Common with water sports or chronic athlete’s foot Nail becomes thickened, brittle, and separated from its bed Treatment – See physician for antifungal cream or removal of nail Ringworm Highly contagious especially during close contact Presents an itchy, redbrown, scaling, annular (“ring-shaped”) infection Treatment – Topical antifungal cream Who is at risk? Anyone who is in physical contact with other people on a regular basis Athletic facilities provide the ideal environment for bacteria to thrive, as they are warm and humid. Athletes also become more susceptible as their immune system temporarily lowers after a hard workout. Prevention Personal hygiene is key in the prevention Thoroughly wash any open wound with soap and water, no matter how minor it appears. Wash hands frequently -- especially before touching any wound. Shower/change clothing after practice/games. Keep open wounds covered. Prevention Avoid sharing towels, razors, combs, soap, and items that touch skin. Avoid sharing equipment. Regularly wash/clean uniforms AND equipment Have antibacterial cleaners available on sidelines/dugouts/etc. Proper Hand Washing Wet your hands with clean running water and apply soap. Use warm water if it is available. Rub hands together to make a lather and scrub all surfaces. Continue rubbing hands for 20 seconds. Need a timer? Imagine singing "Happy Birthday" twice through to a friend! Rinse hands well under running water Dry your hands using a paper towel or air dryer. Hand washing alternatives Soap and Water is always preferred. Alcohol-based hand sanitizer – Apply product to the palm of one hand and rub together until hands and fingers are dry. For Additional Information… Belmont University MRSA prevention Policy Contact Belmont University Athletic Training Room 615-460-5585 References Prentice, W E. Arnheim’s principles of Athletic Training: A Competency-Based Approach. 12th edition. McGraw-Hill Inc. New York, NY. 2006 Pictures Folliculitis www.revolutionhealth.com www.visualdxhealth.com Boils MedicineNet, Inc. health-speak.blogspot.com Cellulites www.medhelp.org commons.wikimedia.org Impetigo www.impetigodoctor.com www.visualdxhealth.com Warts MedicineNet, Inc. www.nlm.nih.gov Athlete’s Foot markhamfootclinic.com Nail www.answers.com www.nlm.nih.gov Ringworm www.askdrsears.com www.nlm.nih.gov