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IP Address (Network Layer) 1 An IP address is a 32-bit address. 2 3 Hexadecimal Notation 0111 0101 1001 0101 0001 1101 1110 1010 75 95 1D EA 0x75951DEA 4 CLASSFUL ADDRESSING 5 In classful addressing, the address space is divided into five classes: A, B, C, D, and E. 6 7 8 9 00000001 00001011 00001011 11101111 ?? 10 11000001 10000011 00011011 11111111 11 • Find the class of the address: • 227.12.14.87 12 • Find the class of the address: • 193.14.56.22 13 14 • Addresses beginning with 01111111, or 127 decimal, are reserved for loopback and for internal testing on a local machine; [You can test this: you should always be able to ping 127.0.0.1, which points to yourself] 15 • Class D addresses are reserved for multicasting; Class E addresses are reserved for future use. They should not be used for host address 16 Subnetting • Subnetting an IP Network can be done for a variety of reasons, including organization, use of different physical media (such as Ethernet, FDDI, WAN, etc.), preservation of address space, and security. 17 • The most common reason is to control network traffic. In an Ethernet network, all nodes on a segment see all the packets transmitted by all the other nodes on that segment. 18 • Performance can be adversely affected under heavy traffic loads, due to collisions and the resulting retransmissions. A router is used to connect IP networks to minimize the amount of traffic each segment must receive. 19 20 21 22 23