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Download Chapters 20 and 21: Electricity
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Know the cause and effect of static electrical charges PA Anchor: S8.C.2.1 • Like charges repel + + -- or • Opposite charges attract -- + -- • Buildup of charge on an object creates static electricity • Charges do not flow • Static discharge – loss of static electricity as electrons move until both objects have the same charge • Lightning • Walk across carpet • Van de Graaff Generator Apply concepts of voltage, current, and resistance PA Anchor: S8.C.2.1 • The amount of charge that flows each second • Units: Amperes (A) • This is often shortened to “amps” • Another common way to express current is in milliamps (1000 mA = 1 A) • Electrical Potential • Potential energy per unit of charge • Voltage / Potential Difference • Difference in electrical potential • Units: Volt (V) • Voltage Source • Ex: Battery, Outlet, Generators • Resistance • Opposition to flow of charges • Units: Ohms • Symbol: Omega () 1. Voltage Source 2. Conductor 3. Battery Metal wire Closed Path / Loop No holes / breaks V= I R Voltage = Current Resistance Voltage = Energy Current = Charge Resistance = Opposition to Flow of Charge V = IR Symbol: Unit: V Volt (V) Current I Amps (A) Milliamps (mA) Resistance R Ohms () Voltage • An automobile headlight is connected to a 12 V battery. If the current is 0.40 A, find the resistance of the light. • Find the voltage needed to run a waffle iron if the current required is 12 A and the resistance is 10 . Identify circuit symbols on an electrical circuit diagram PA Anchor: S8.C.2.1 Name Symbol Battery Resistor Switch Ground Bulb Open Closed Distinguish between series and parallel circuits Describe different arrangements of cells, resistors, lamps, and switches in an electrical circuit PA Anchor: S8.C.2.1 • Only one path for current to flow Draw this one: Don’t draw this one: • Multiple paths for current to flow Draw this one: Don’t draw this one: • Series • Advantages: • Simple to build / design • Disadvantages: • One bulb out = all out • Bulbs dim as you add them • Parallel • Advantages: • One bulb out = others stay lit • Brightness doesn’t change if you add bulbs • Disadvantages: • More complex to build Compare and contrast direct and alternating current PA Anchor: S8.C.2.1 • Direct Current (DC) • Current flows in only one direction • Ex: Batteries (12 V, 9 V, 1.5 V) • Alternating Current (AC) • Current flows back and forth • Ex: Outlets (120 V) Define and compare digital and analog signals PA Anchor: S8.A.3.2 S8.A.3.3 • The use of electricity to control, communicate, and process information • Based on electronic signals • Electronic signal – a varying electric current that represents information • Analog – current is varied smoothly to represent information • Digital – current changes in steps • Ex: Playing a record • Ex: Playing a CD Describe the use of semiconductors in electronics PA Anchor: S8.A.3.2 S8.A.3.3 • We already talked about conductors and insulators…what about semiconductors? • Definition: a material that conducts current better than insulators, but not as well as conductors • Diode – allows current to flow in only one direction • Transistor – amplifies electronic signal or switches current on or off • Integrated Circuit – a circuit manufactured on a tiny piece of semiconductor (chip) Explain how telephones, televisions, and radios transmit and receive signals. Explain the difference between AM and FM radio signals PA Anchor: S8.A.3.2 S8.A.3.3 • EM Waves allow for electronic signals to be carried over long distances • Transmitter –converts sound into an electronic signal • Receiver – converts electronic signal back to sound • AM Radio • FM Radio • AM = Amplitude Modulation • FM = Frequency Modulation • The amplitude of the wave is changed • The frequency of the wave is changed