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Download The unification of China redux
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The unification of China From confusion to Confucius Responses to political chaos Many schools of philosophy develop in response to chaos caused by warring states ( Zhou even had two capitals) Book of Dao ( daodejing) promotes harmony with the universe and nature – advocates small self-sufficient communities –abhor large society/gov’t. – Lao-Tzu legendary founderZhuangzi famous adherent – taught path of least resistance ( wuwei … non-action ) Kong Fuzi ( Confucius) – outspoken philosopher sought position as minister to put his theory into practice – advocated education would produce junzi ( superior men Master Kong also stressed Li -- proper courtesy/conduct, and filial piety ( xiao)– ruler must be virtuous as well Did not address larger questions of the heavens, life after death ….. Only concerned with social harmony ! Disciples catalog his wisdom and sayings in the Analects Two renowned disciples are Mencius and Xunzi The first believed that people are good and will respond to proper guidance Xunzi believed people need strong rules to keep them in line ( limit their selfish nature) Five Relationships of Confucianism 1. Emperor – citizens Husband-Wife Father –Son Older Brother – Younger Brother Friend to Friend Western Qin seize all 221 bce – Qin war machine defeats all Jheng declared first Emperor – creates effective centralized, uniform state Embraced the harsh tactics of legalists Shang and Han Feizi – opponents crushed One script adopted …. Coins, weights and measures Large wall constructed – millions forced into laborers Unpopularity of regime results in brief rule ( 11 years only) Terracotta army unearthed in Xian Section of the wall at Badaling Soldiers,horsies Cultural Identity Liu Bang, resourceful peasant led successful overthrow of the Qin –established the Han dynasty Extended central rule…. Embraced the familial emphasis of Confucianism Wudi ( 141-87 bce) greatest of Han emperors – creates university, civil service to aid his bureaucracy Adds Vietnam, Korea as tributary states Encourages trade through road into western regions( traded silk for ponies) silk industry flourished Subdued the Xiongnu tribe of the Asian steppe Population swelled to sixty million
