Download The Cold War… - MrForbes Socials 11

The Cold War
After World War Two the
world is broken into two
main groups.
Lead by
1. The Soviet Union
2. The United States
What is the Cold War?
Period lasting from 1945 – 1989.
 Characterized by tension and
hostility between the Communist
Soviet Union and its allies and the
Capitalist and democratic United
States and its allies.

The Cold War Begins
End of WW2
 A divided Europe in ruins
 Totalitarian vs. Democracy
 Communism vs. Capitalism
 Formation of the United Nations
 Truman Doctrine
 Marshall Plan
 Warsaw Pact, NATO, Berlin Airlift

Canada and the Cold War
Caught in the Middle –
USSR on top, USA
underneath…main
missile and bomber
route. Wrong place at
the wrong time.
 Definitely with the US
and NATO

Canada is in the middle
Igor Gouzenko
 Russian clerk from Soviet Embassy
delivers files to Canada proving the
existence of a Soviet spy ring in
Canada.
 Gouzenko and family are given
asylum and new IDs in Ontario.
Europe – EAST AND WEST

Separated by
the “Iron
Curtain”
• Coined by
Churchill to
describe the
break
between East
and West
Churchill’s Iron Curtain Speech
March, 1946

“From Stettin in the Baltic to Trieste in the
Adriatic, an iron curtain has descended across the
Continent. Behind that line lie all the capitals of
the ancient states of Central and Eastern Europe.
Warsaw, Berlin, Prague, Vienna, Budapest,
Belgrade, Bucharest and Sofia, all these famous
cities and the populations around them lie in
what I must call the Soviet sphere, and all are
subject in one form or another, not only to Soviet
influence but to a very high and, in many cases,
increasing measure of control from Moscow.”

excerpt
Berlin and Germany Split

Berlin
Truman Doctrine and Marshall
Plan, 1947
Truman Doctrine: US would
tolerate Soviet expansion to its 1947
limits (principle of coexistence) but
would resist any further
encroachment (principle of
containment)
 Marshall Plan: Economic aid to
rebuild European economies. An
instrument to aid non-communist
states (economic imperialism?)

Berlin Airlift 1948 and
the Wall 1961
Many were fleeing Soviet Berlin.
 In 1948 the Soviets blockade all the
ground links to West Berlin

• All supplies needed are ferried in to
Berlin through air corridors from the
West. Stalin eventually gives up.
Berlin Airlift (April 1948-May 1949)
 1961 - Soviets decide to put up
Berlin wall to keep people in.

Berlin Air Lift
Planes lined up for take off.
NATO and Warsaw Pact

WEST – NATO (1949)
• Military Alliance (sound familiar?)
• North Atlantic Treaty Organization
• Led by the United States

EAST – Warsaw Pact (1955)
• Military Alliance, response to NATO
threat
• Led by Soviet Russia
Berlin Wall
Building the Wall
Defection from the East
REVIEW: What were the causes of
WW1?
In partners, apply your knowledge of
WW1 causes to the Cold War situation
What do you find is similar? different?
Causes of WW1 and Cold War
1.Militarism
• Nuclear Arms Race…even worse
2.Alliances
• NATO and Warsaw Pact
3.Imperialism
• Spheres of influence
4.Nationalism
• Economic system instead of nations?
North American Defense
NORAD – North American Air
Defense Agreement
 HQ buried in Cheyenne Mountain,
Colorado.
 Centrally controlled and coordinated
defense of North American Air Space

• Fighter forces
• Missile bases
• Air defense radar
Canada and NORAD
Protection from Soviet Air Attack
(bombers initially, then missiles)
 US built three lines of radar stations
across Canada (built between 1950-57)

• The Pinetree Line
• The Mid-Canada Line
• DEW Line (in the artic) - Distant Early
Warning Line
DEW Controversy
Many Canadians felt this defense
system compromised our
independence
 Was this a necessary price of added
security?


This information can be found on
pages 131 -136 of Counterpoints