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Transcript
Chapter 6 Mental and Emotional Health Health Goals for Mental and Emotional Health • I will develop good character • I will use stress management skills • I will interact in ways that help create a positive social and emotional environment • I will seek help if I feel depressed • I will develop healthful personality characteristics • I will choose behaviors to promote a healthy mind • I will express emotions in healthful ways • I will use suicide prevention strategies when appropriate • I will cope with loss and grief in healthful ways • I will be resilient during difficult times Health Goal 1: Develop Good Character • Value: standard of belief • Character: person’s use of self-control to act on responsible values • A person who has good character has the selfcontrol to delay gratification when appropriate • People who have good character set limits for themselves, and their behavior reflects responsible values • Good character will reflect on one’s self-esteem (self-worth) Developing Good Character and Improving Self-Esteem • Pay attention to your appearance • Make a list of responsible actions and review the list often • Be a friend to yourself by enjoying activities (e.g., hobbies) • Write your feelings in a journal • Make spending time with your family members a priority • Care for other people in the way you would like to be cared for • Let other people know what helps you feel special • Support the interests of family members and friends, and ask them to support your interests • Ask family members and friends to tell you examples of your actions that have shown character • Get plenty of exercise to generate feelings of wellbeing Health Goal #2: I Will Interact in Ways that Help Create a Positive Social-Emotional Environment • Social-emotional environment is the quality of the contacts a person has with the people with whom they interact • Social-emotional boosters (encouragement and/or support) help promote a positive socialemotional environment • Social-emotional pollutants cause a negative social-emotional environment and should be avoided, if possible Strategies to Improve the SocialEmotional Environment • Minimize contact with people who put you down • Use positive selfstatements if you are with a person/group who are negative • Spend time with a mentor • Join a support group • Expand the network of people with whom you communicate needs, wants, and emotions • Give others socialemotional boosters Health Goal #3: I Will Develop Healthful Personality Characteristics • An individual’s unique pattern of characteristic = Personality • Behavior or attitude affects personality • Other influences include: – Heredity – Environment •Who you have contact or influences with affects personality Health Goal #4: I Will Choose Behaviors to Promote a Healthy Mind • Mental alertness does the following: – Allows quick and watchful actions – Provides interest in what’s going on in your life – Allows understanding of providing mental exercise as well as physical concepts – Creates the ability to learn continuously about new ideas and methods • Mentally healthy people…. – Feel good about themselves – Have satisfying relationships – Set realistic goals – Can cope with disappointments Addiction • A compelling need to take a drug or engage in a specific behavior • Can cause physical harm, jeopardize safety, harm relationships, cause legal and financial problems Signs of Addiction • 1) Having a compelling need to take a drug/engage in a behavior • 2) Taking a drug/engaging in behavior instead of dealing with feelings of anxiety, depression, boredom, or loneliness • 3) Feeling bad about oneself after taking a drug/engaging in a behavior • 4) Taking a drug/engaging in a behavior even when there are negative consequences • 5) Trying to stop taking a drug or engaging in a behavior but being unable to do so Types of Addiction • Drug • Relationship • Eating disorders • Sexual in nature • Exercise • Shopping • Gambling • Television • Nicotine • Thrill seeking • Perfectionism • Workaholism Getting Help for Addiction • Formal interventions • Individual therapy • Group therapy • Family therapy • Hospitalization Codependence Issues • Codependence is a compulsion to control, take care of, and rescue people by fixing their problems and minimizing their pain • Enablers are people who support the harmful behaviors of others • People with codependence issues could benefit from: – Support groups – Individual therapy – Family therapy Mental Disorders • Mental/emotional condition that makes it difficult for a person to live in a normal way • Cause is functional (environmental, stress related, poor coping skills) or organic (physical injuries or illness) • Six categories of mental disorders: – Affective -Anxiety – Dissociative -Personality – Somatoform -Schizophrenia Affective Disorders • Involve extreme moods • Cause is unknown • 3 types – Clinical depression – Bipolar disorder – Seasonal affective disorder Anxiety Disorders • Disorder in which real or imagined fears prevent enjoyment of life, leading to possible panic attacks • Types – General anxiety disorder (GAD)] – Phobias – Obsessive compulsive disorder – Post-traumatic stress disorder Dissociative Disorders • Disorder in which a person has memory loss, confused identity, or more than one identity • Two types: – Amnesia (inability to recall past) – Dissociative identity disorder (two or more personalities within the same person) Personality Disorders • Disorder in which a person’s patterns of thinking, feeling, and acting interfere with daily living • Types: – Antisocial (conflict with society) – Avoidant (avoids social contact) – Dependent (cannot function without assistance from others) – Histrionic (emotional outbursts) – Narcissistic (boastful and conceited) – Passive-aggressive (overly compliant to mask anger) Somatoform Disorders • Symptoms of disease for which no physical cause can be found • Two types – 1) Hypochondria- worried about illness – 2) Conversion disorder-health changes due to a result of emotional state Schizophrenia • Disorder in which there is a split or breakdown in logical thought processes • Split results in unusual behavior • Paranoia results as well as delusional thinking Help for Mental Disorders • Formal interventions • Medical evaluations • Medications • Support groups • Long-term recovery plans Concepts of Expressing Emotions in Healthful Ways • Communication is the sharing of feelings, thought, information with another person • Healthful ways to express feelings to promote a healthy mind and body are: – “I” messages – Active listening – Nonverbal communication Anger Management Skills • Keep an anger selfinventory • Reduce the effects of anger cues by exercising • Use self-statements • Use safe physical actions to blow off steam • Use “I” vs. “you” messages • Write a letter • Write in a journal • Keep a sense of humor • Rehearse what to do in situations that you know are your anger triggers • Talk with a parent/mentor Health Goal #6: I Will Use Stress Management Skills •Identify the following terms • Stress • Stressor • Eustress • Distress General Adaptation Syndrome • Three stages: -Alarm (fight-or-flight syndrome) -Resistance (homeostasis) -Exhaustion (illness or disease concept) Stress Can Affect Status of Ten Areas of Health in One or More Areas • Mental and Emotional Health • Alcohol, Tobacco, and Other Drugs • Family and Social Health • Communicable and Chronic Disease • Growth and Development • Nutrition • Personal Health and Physical Activity • Consumer and Community Health • Environmental Health • Injury Prevention and Safety Stress Management Skills • Use responsible decision-making skills • Get enough sleep • Participate in physical activity • Use a time-management plan • Write in a journal • Change your outlook • Have close friends • Talk with parents • Help others • Express affection in proper ways • Care for pets • Keep a sense of humor Health Goal #7: I Will Seek Help if I Feel Depressed • Types of depression – Minor depression – Dysthymic disorder – Major depression •It is estimated that 8 percent of teens have symptoms of depression Symptoms of Childhood/Adolescent Depression • Increased irritability • Fear of death • Being bored • Alcohol or substance abuse • Outbursts of shouting, complaining, or crying • Poor school performance or frequent absences • Frequent nonspecific physical complaints Causes of Depression • Inability to cope with a life crisis • Traumatic family events • Changes in brain structure • Physical illness/disorders • Genetic predisposition • Alcohol or other drug use • Low serotonin levels Risks of Depression • School performance • Physical illnesses • Social isolation • Mental disorders • Drug addiction • Suicide attempts • Other addictions Treatment for Depression • Physical exams • Therapy • Medication Anger and Depression • Can lead to: – Inability to cope – Illness – Family patterns – Alcohol/drug use – Suicide attempts (parasuicide) Health Goal #8: I Will Use Suicide Prevention Strategies When Appropriate • 1) Know suicide hotline numbers • 2) Know what to do when a person feels depressed • 3) Help the person build a network of support • 4) Get the person involved in rewarding activities • 5) Know what to do if someone shows warning signs of suicide Health Goal #9: I Will Cope with Loss and Grief in Healthful Ways • Grief is an intense emotional suffering caused by loss • Causes of grief are: – Changes in the family -Changes in living condition – Death of a friend -Suicide – Death of a well-known person -Tragedies in the news – The end of something special -Holidays Healthful Ways to Respond to a Loss • There are no rules about grieving • Each person grieves in his/her own way/method • Crying is a healthful expression of emotions and helps release bottled-up tension • Responses to grief are based on: – Who we are – Whom or what we have lost – How much day-to-day life has changed Health Goal #10: I Will Be Resilient in Difficult Times A life crisis is an experience that causes a high level of stress To be resilient is to be able to adjust, recover, bounce back, and learn from difficult experiences Resiliency Skills • Most people respond to a life crisis by working through 5 emotional responses (Kubler-Ross,1997) • Denying • Being angry • Bargaining • Being depressed • Accepting Chapter 6 Mental and Emotional Health