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Chapter 6
Mental and Emotional Health
Health Goals for Mental and
Emotional Health
• I will develop good
character
• I will use stress
management skills
• I will interact in ways that
help create a positive social
and emotional environment
• I will seek help if I feel
depressed
• I will develop healthful
personality characteristics
• I will choose behaviors to
promote a healthy mind
• I will express emotions in
healthful ways
• I will use suicide prevention
strategies when appropriate
• I will cope with loss and
grief in healthful ways
• I will be resilient during
difficult times
Health Goal 1: Develop Good
Character
• Value: standard of belief
• Character: person’s use of self-control to act on
responsible values
• A person who has good character has the selfcontrol to delay gratification when appropriate
• People who have good character set limits for
themselves, and their behavior reflects responsible
values
• Good character will reflect on one’s self-esteem
(self-worth)
Developing Good Character and
Improving Self-Esteem
• Pay attention to your
appearance
• Make a list of responsible
actions and review the list
often
• Be a friend to yourself by
enjoying activities (e.g.,
hobbies)
• Write your feelings in a
journal
• Make spending time with
your family members a
priority
• Care for other people in the
way you would like to be
cared for
• Let other people know what
helps you feel special
• Support the interests of
family members and
friends, and ask them to
support your interests
• Ask family members and
friends to tell you examples
of your actions that have
shown character
• Get plenty of exercise to
generate feelings of wellbeing
Health Goal #2: I Will Interact in Ways that
Help Create a Positive Social-Emotional
Environment
• Social-emotional environment is the quality of
the contacts a person has with the people with
whom they interact
• Social-emotional boosters (encouragement
and/or support) help promote a positive socialemotional environment
• Social-emotional pollutants cause a negative
social-emotional environment and should be
avoided, if possible
Strategies to Improve the SocialEmotional Environment
• Minimize contact with
people who put you
down
• Use positive selfstatements if you are
with a person/group who
are negative
• Spend time with a
mentor
• Join a support group
• Expand the network of
people with whom you
communicate needs,
wants, and emotions
• Give others socialemotional boosters
Health Goal #3: I Will Develop
Healthful Personality
Characteristics
• An individual’s unique pattern of
characteristic = Personality
• Behavior or attitude affects personality
• Other influences include:
– Heredity
– Environment
•Who you have contact or influences with affects personality
Health Goal #4: I Will Choose Behaviors
to Promote a Healthy Mind
• Mental alertness does the
following:
– Allows quick and
watchful actions
– Provides interest in
what’s going on in your
life
– Allows understanding of
providing mental
exercise as well as
physical concepts
– Creates the ability to
learn continuously about
new ideas and methods
• Mentally healthy
people….
– Feel good about
themselves
– Have satisfying
relationships
– Set realistic goals
– Can cope with
disappointments
Addiction
• A compelling need to take a drug or
engage in a specific behavior
• Can cause physical harm, jeopardize
safety, harm relationships, cause legal
and financial problems
Signs of Addiction
• 1) Having a compelling need to take a drug/engage in a
behavior
• 2) Taking a drug/engaging in behavior instead of dealing
with feelings of anxiety, depression, boredom, or loneliness
• 3) Feeling bad about oneself after taking a drug/engaging
in a behavior
• 4) Taking a drug/engaging in a behavior even when there
are negative consequences
• 5) Trying to stop taking a drug or engaging in a behavior
but being unable to do so
Types of Addiction
• Drug
• Relationship
• Eating disorders
• Sexual in nature
• Exercise
• Shopping
• Gambling
• Television
• Nicotine
• Thrill seeking
• Perfectionism
• Workaholism
Getting Help for Addiction
• Formal interventions
• Individual therapy
• Group therapy
• Family therapy
• Hospitalization
Codependence Issues
• Codependence is a compulsion to control, take
care of, and rescue people by fixing their problems
and minimizing their pain
• Enablers are people who support the harmful
behaviors of others
• People with codependence issues could benefit
from:
– Support groups
– Individual therapy
– Family therapy
Mental Disorders
• Mental/emotional condition that makes it difficult for a
person to live in a normal way
• Cause is functional (environmental, stress related, poor
coping skills) or organic (physical injuries or illness)
• Six categories of mental disorders:
– Affective
-Anxiety
– Dissociative
-Personality
– Somatoform
-Schizophrenia
Affective Disorders
• Involve extreme moods
• Cause is unknown
• 3 types
– Clinical depression
– Bipolar disorder
– Seasonal affective disorder
Anxiety Disorders
• Disorder in which real or imagined fears
prevent enjoyment of life, leading to possible
panic attacks
• Types
– General anxiety disorder (GAD)]
– Phobias
– Obsessive compulsive disorder
– Post-traumatic stress disorder
Dissociative Disorders
• Disorder in which a person has memory
loss, confused identity, or more than one
identity
• Two types:
– Amnesia (inability to recall past)
– Dissociative identity disorder (two or more
personalities within the same person)
Personality Disorders
• Disorder in which a person’s patterns of thinking, feeling,
and acting interfere with daily living
• Types:
– Antisocial (conflict with society)
– Avoidant (avoids social contact)
– Dependent (cannot function without assistance from
others)
– Histrionic (emotional outbursts)
– Narcissistic (boastful and conceited)
– Passive-aggressive (overly compliant to mask anger)
Somatoform Disorders
• Symptoms of disease for which no
physical cause can be found
• Two types
– 1) Hypochondria- worried about illness
– 2) Conversion disorder-health changes due
to a result of emotional state
Schizophrenia
• Disorder in which there is a split or
breakdown in logical thought processes
• Split results in unusual behavior
• Paranoia results as well as delusional
thinking
Help for Mental Disorders
• Formal interventions
• Medical evaluations
• Medications
• Support groups
• Long-term recovery
plans
Concepts of Expressing Emotions
in Healthful Ways
• Communication is the sharing of feelings,
thought, information with another person
• Healthful ways to express feelings to promote a
healthy mind and body are:
– “I” messages
– Active listening
– Nonverbal communication
Anger Management Skills
• Keep an anger selfinventory
• Reduce the effects of
anger cues by exercising
• Use self-statements
• Use safe physical actions
to blow off steam
• Use “I” vs. “you”
messages
• Write a letter
• Write in a journal
• Keep a sense of humor
• Rehearse what to do in
situations that you know
are your anger triggers
• Talk with a parent/mentor
Health Goal #6: I Will Use Stress
Management Skills
•Identify the following terms
• Stress
• Stressor
• Eustress
• Distress
General Adaptation Syndrome
• Three stages:
-Alarm (fight-or-flight syndrome)
-Resistance (homeostasis)
-Exhaustion (illness or disease concept)
Stress Can Affect Status of Ten Areas of
Health in One or More Areas
• Mental and Emotional
Health
• Alcohol, Tobacco, and
Other Drugs
• Family and Social Health
• Communicable and
Chronic Disease
• Growth and
Development
• Nutrition
• Personal Health and
Physical Activity
• Consumer and
Community Health
• Environmental Health
• Injury Prevention and
Safety
Stress Management Skills
• Use responsible
decision-making skills
• Get enough sleep
• Participate in physical
activity
• Use a time-management
plan
• Write in a journal
• Change your outlook
• Have close friends
• Talk with parents
• Help others
• Express affection in
proper ways
• Care for pets
• Keep a sense of humor
Health Goal #7: I Will Seek Help if
I Feel Depressed
• Types of depression
– Minor depression
– Dysthymic disorder
– Major depression
•It is estimated that 8 percent of teens have symptoms of depression
Symptoms of
Childhood/Adolescent Depression
• Increased irritability
• Fear of death
• Being bored
• Alcohol or substance
abuse
• Outbursts of shouting,
complaining, or crying
• Poor school performance
or frequent absences
• Frequent nonspecific
physical complaints
Causes of Depression
• Inability to cope with
a life crisis
• Traumatic family
events
• Changes in brain
structure
• Physical
illness/disorders
• Genetic
predisposition
• Alcohol or other drug
use
• Low serotonin levels
Risks of Depression
• School performance
• Physical illnesses
• Social isolation
• Mental disorders
• Drug addiction
• Suicide attempts
• Other addictions
Treatment for Depression
• Physical exams
• Therapy
• Medication
Anger and Depression
• Can lead to:
– Inability to cope
– Illness
– Family patterns
– Alcohol/drug use
– Suicide attempts (parasuicide)
Health Goal #8: I Will Use Suicide
Prevention Strategies When
Appropriate
• 1) Know suicide hotline numbers
• 2) Know what to do when a person feels
depressed
• 3) Help the person build a network of support
• 4) Get the person involved in rewarding
activities
• 5) Know what to do if someone shows warning
signs of suicide
Health Goal #9: I Will Cope with Loss
and Grief in Healthful Ways
• Grief is an intense emotional suffering caused
by loss
• Causes of grief are:
– Changes in the family
-Changes in living condition
– Death of a friend
-Suicide
– Death of a well-known person
-Tragedies in the news
– The end of something special
-Holidays
Healthful Ways to Respond to a Loss
• There are no rules about grieving
• Each person grieves in his/her own way/method
• Crying is a healthful expression of emotions and helps release
bottled-up tension
• Responses to grief are based on:
– Who we are
– Whom or what we have lost
– How much day-to-day life has changed
Health Goal #10: I Will Be Resilient in
Difficult Times
A life crisis is an
experience that
causes a high level
of stress
To be resilient is to be
able to adjust,
recover, bounce
back, and learn
from difficult
experiences
Resiliency Skills
• Most people respond to a life crisis by working
through 5 emotional responses (Kubler-Ross,1997)
• Denying
• Being angry
• Bargaining
• Being depressed
• Accepting
Chapter 6
Mental and Emotional Health