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Psychoanalythic theories
Sigmund Freud (1856-1939) Erik H. Erikson (1902-94)
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Personality instances – structural approach
ID
Superego
Ego
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Psychoanalythic theories - ID
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Main source of psychic energy: drive
energi – libido – tension
Pleasure principle
Energy is discharged without delay
Libido (Eros) and destructive (death)
drives
Primary process
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Psychoanalythic theories Superego
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Composed of two parts: Conscience and ego
ideal
Internalization of parents (and society) norms
or rules
People with a strong superego will be more
moralrealistic than realistic
The moral and ethic part
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Psychoanalythic theories EGO
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Secondary process
More rational, organized, integrated and
logical
Delay of energy discharge
Reality principle
Negotiate between id and superego
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Psychoanalythic theories –
repression
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Transfer treatening events from conscious to
unconsious – what ego can not handle
Do not disappear
Shows partly and disguised in dreams, slip of
the tongue, fantasies, free association aso
People who depends heavily on this may
develop a repressed personality: withdrawn,
inaccessible, nonspontaneous and rigid
Phobia?
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Psychoanalythic theories –
Other defense mechanism
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Reaction formation – mask anacceptable
emotion by focusing on the opposite often in
a exaggerated way
Projection- attribution of anxiety- arousing
to people in the external world
Fixation
Regression
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Psychoanalythic theories
Stages - Freud
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Oral stage (roughly 0 – 1 year) – basic trust vs.
mistrust
Anal stage ( roughly 1- 3 years) – autonomy vs
shame/doubt Anal character is described as orderly,
pedantic and obstinate
Phallic stage ( roughly 3 – 5 years) – Oedipus
complex – Identity - initiative versus guilt
Period of latency ( 5 year to the beginning of puberty
Genital stage ( Adolescence)
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Psychoanalythic theories
methods
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Psychoanalysis
Dream analysis
Free association
Hypnosis
Transference
In summary, Freuds methodology was to
listen to troubled adults talk
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