Download Theory and Practice of Counseling and Psychotherapy

Theory and Practice of
Counseling and Psychotherapy
Psych422
Chapter4: Psychoanalytic Therapy
Theory and Practice of Counseling and Psychotherapy - Chapter 4
Questions
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What kinds of connections do you have regarding
psychoanalytic therapy?
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What is your thoughts and attitude regarding
psychoanalytic therapy?
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Which parts of psychoanalytic therapy do you
like or dislike? Why?
 Theory
Strengths
and limitations
of psychoanalytic
and Practice of Counseling
and Psychotherapy - Chapter
4
therapy?
The Development of Personality
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1. ORAL STAGE
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Ages 3-6
Related to later sexual attitudes
4. LATENCY STAGE
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Ages 1-3
Related to later personal power/control issues
3. PHALLIC STAGE
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Related to later mistrust and rejection issues
2. ANAL STAGE
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First year
A time of socialization
5. GENITAL STAGE
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Ages 6-12
Ages 12-60
Sexual energies are invested in life
Theory and Practice of Counseling and Psychotherapy - Chapter 4
The Structure of Personality
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THE ID — The Demanding Child (biological
component, unconsciousness)
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THE EGO — The Traffic Cop (psychological
component)
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Ruled by the pleasure principle
Ruled by the reality principle
THE SUPEREGO — The Judge (social
component)
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Ruled by the moral principle
Theory and Practice of Counseling and Psychotherapy - Chapter 4
The Unconscious
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Clinical evidence for postulating the unconscious:
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Dreams
Slips of the tongue
Posthypnotic suggestions
Material derived from free-association
Material derived from projective techniques
Symbolic content of psychotic symptoms
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NOTE: consciousness is only a thin slice of the total mind
Theory and Practice of Counseling and Psychotherapy - Chapter 4
Ego-Defense Mechanisms
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Ego-defense mechanisms:
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Are normal behaviors which operate on an
unconscious level and tend to deny or distort
reality
Help the individual cope with anxiety and
prevent the ego from being overwhelmed
Have adaptive value if they do not become a
style of life to avoid facing reality
Theory and Practice of Counseling and Psychotherapy - Chapter 4
View of human nature

Deterministic:
 Behavior is determined by irrational forces,
unconscious motivation, and biological and
instinctual drives.
 The first 6 years of life
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Libido: a source of motivation and energy
Theory and Practice of Counseling and Psychotherapy - Chapter 4
Therapeutic Goals
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Make the unconscious conscious
Strengthen the ego
Explore past to increase selfunderstanding and gain insight
Successful analysismodification of
the individual’s personality.
Theory and Practice of Counseling and Psychotherapy - Chapter 4
Therapist’s function and role
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Little self-disclosure to foster a transference
relationship
Help clients to achieve self-awareness, deal
with anxiety, gain control, make unconscious
conscious, and understand “why” for their
symptoms
Building relationship, listening, interpretation,
and paying attention on resistances
The role of clients’ readiness to change
Theory and Practice of Counseling and Psychotherapy - Chapter 4
Therapeutic Relationship
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Working though the transference
relationship
Understanding the old pattern, connecting
to current issues, and making new choices
Reactions is not equal to transferences
Contertransference reaction as a
therapeutic tool to understand the world of
the clients
Theory and Practice of Counseling and Psychotherapy - Chapter 4
Activity

Free association activity
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Write 5 minutes whatever come to your
mind for the following topic
1. Free association about your dream OR
 2. Pick up an animal (e.g., Bird) and then write
any thoughts in you mind
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Any themes?
Theory and Practice of Counseling and Psychotherapy - Chapter 4
Psychoanalytic Techniques
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Free Association
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Client reports whatever comes to mind
Open doors to unconscious wishes, fantasies,
conflicts, and motivation.
Dream Analysis
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Therapist uses the “royal road to the
unconscious” to bring unconscious material
to light
Theory and Practice of Counseling and Psychotherapy - Chapter 4
Psychoanalytic Techniques
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Interpretation
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Therapist points out, explains, and teaches the
meanings of whatever is revealed
Guidelines
Close to conscious awareness
 Go only as deep as the client is able to go
 Point out resistance or defense before interpreting
the emotion or conflict that lies beneath it
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Theory and Practice of Counseling and Psychotherapy - Chapter 4
Transference and Countertransference
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Transference
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The client reacts to the therapist as he did to an
earlier significant other
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This allows the client to experience feelings that would
otherwise be inaccessible
ANALYSIS OF TRANSFERENCE — allows the client to
achieve insight into the influence of the past
Countertransference
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The reaction of the therapist toward the client that
may interfere with objectivity
Theory and Practice of Counseling and Psychotherapy - Chapter 4
Resistance
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Resistance
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Anything that works against the progress of therapy
and prevents the production of unconscious material
Analysis of Resistance
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Helps client become aware of the reasons for the
resistance (e.g., avoiding pain or anxiety)
Helps the client to see that canceling appointments,
fleeing from therapy prematurely, etc., are ways of
defending against anxiety
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These acts interfere with the ability to accept changes which
could lead to a more satisfying life
Theory and Practice of Counseling and Psychotherapy - Chapter 4
Psych-dynamic Approach
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Object Relations theory
Self Psychology
Interpersonal psychdynamic approach
Core Conflictual Relationship Theme
(CCRF)……
Theory and Practice of Counseling and Psychotherapy - Chapter 4
Core Conflictual Relationship Theme
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Wish
What a person wants and wishes in relationships
The Response of the Other (RO)
 how a person anticipates others will respond or how
the others actually respond
The Response of Self (RS)
 client’s affective. Cognitive, and behavioral response
in relationship situations
 What’s your feelings? (affective)
 What’s your thoughts? (cognitive)
 What do you do? (behavioral)
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Theory and Practice of Counseling and Psychotherapy - Chapter 4
-.43***
Basic
Psychological
Need Satisfaction
-.46***
Attachment
Anxiety
Shame
.37***
-.64***
.20**
.13***
.32***
.05
-.32***
Depression
-.75***
Attachment
Avoidance
.09***
Loneliness
Psychoanalytic Therapy From a
multicultural perspective
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Contribution to multicultural counseling
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Help clients to build ego and cultural identity
Help therapists become aware their own source of
contertransference, bias, prejudices, and stereotypes.
Limitations for multicultural counseling
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Cost, Upper- and middle-class values
Ambigurity (vs. Asian prefers structured and concrete
solution)
Blame clients vs. blame external factors (social,
cultural, or political factors)
Theory and Practice of Counseling and Psychotherapy - Chapter 4
Summary
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Contributions of Psychoanalytic approach
Limitations of psychoanalytic approach
Case of Stan and Ruth
Theory and Practice of Counseling and Psychotherapy - Chapter 4