Download Periodization

A.P. WORLD
HISTORY:
PERIODIZATION
WHAT IS PERIODIZATION?
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Each period is defined by specific conditions
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A geographical delineation that answers where
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Contacts and Interactions
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Whether indigenous or diffused,
Shared characteristics
Dates
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Increase, decrease in contacts across regions
Parallel Developments
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When civilization contracts, shrinks geographically
When civilization spreads from smaller to wider area
Time is not best way to define a period
Characteristics and chronology
Period may occur
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At different time
In different regions
PRE-HISTORY
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Two Sub-Periods of the Stone Age
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Paleolithic
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Neolithic
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It occurred at different times in different places
Chronological Component
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Sedentary, farming and herding
Semi-Nomadic: Slash/Burn (Shifting) and Pastoralism
Villages with tribal structures, families; chiefs
Geographic Component
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Nomadic, hunting and gathering
Small bands led by those with specialized hunting knowledge
Paleolithic from 1 million to 8000 BCE
Neolithic from 6000 BCE to 4500 BCE
Technology
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Stone, bone and wood gave way to handicrafts, artifacts
ANCIENT PERIOD
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Geography: River Valleys
From 4,500 BCE to 1,000 BCE
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Begins with agricultural surpluses
Leads to towns, cities, changes to hierarchy
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Rise of Institutions
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Long lasting social patterns
Religion and Government
Time of Technological Innovation
Two Alternate Names
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Generally small city-states, hereditary rulers
Elite classes especially warriors, priests
Hearth Civilizations, Ancient River Valley Civilizations
Bronze Age Civilizations
Ends with rise of large, regional empires
CLASSICAL PERIOD
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1,000 BCE to 500 CE
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Iron Age
Large, regional empires
Military aristocracies
Integrate regions
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Cosmopolitan Traditions
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Regional Civilizations
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Religions, Philosophies
China, India, SW Asia (Cuneiform), Mediterranean
Mesoamerica and Andean America
Strong contacts between regional centers
Many areas outside classical civilizations
Ends with massive nomadic invasions
POST-CLASSICAL AGE
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6th century CE to 1450 CE
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Began with rise of Islam
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First trans-regional civilization
Spans Eurasia and Africa
Era of two great powers: Islam, China
Ended due to Turks, Mongols, Black Death
Characteristics
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Spread of universalizing religions, philosophies
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Saw rise of new civilization centers
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Buddhism, Islam, Christianity
Andes, Sub-Saharan Africa, Europe, SE Asia, Japan
Emergence of network of global contacts
Ages of Faith, Aristocracy,
Age of Increasing Inequalities especially Gender
EARLY MODERN ERA
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1450 – 1750 CE
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World Shrinks
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All continents included in world network
Global trade develops for first time
Great exchanges
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Rise of gunpowder empires
An Age of Absolutism
Rise of Western Europe
Religious Strife
Goods, products, flora, fauna, people, germs
Ideas especially European, Christianity
Demographic Shifts in Americas, Eurasia
MODERN AGE
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1750 to 1914: “The West and the Rest”
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Era of massive technological change
Era of many revolutions
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Great Britain, France, Germany, Russia
USA, Japan are newest powers
Dominance of Western Culture
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Vast trade networks
Western Global Hegemony
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Technological
Political
Social
Intellectual, Artistic
Resistance
Modernization, Industrialization, Westernization?
Demographic shift; urbanization
CONTEMPORARY ERA
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1914 to Present “Change, Change, Change”
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1914 – 1945: Europe’s Twilight
1945 – Present: Atomic Age
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Jihad vs. McWorld
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Non-State Governmental Organizations
Supranationalism; Internationalism
Mass culture
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Modernization vs. westernization
Modernization vs. traditionalism
Secularism vs. change
Rise of new political forms
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The American Century, Retreat of Europe
Rise of Pacific Rim, India
Collapse of European empires
Technology, telecommunications dominate age
Demography and Environment as Major Concerns