Download How did Congress struggle between peace and war with Britain?

The American Nation
Chapter 6 – Section 1
The American Revolution
1775–1783
Copyright © 2003 by Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River, NJ. All rights reserved.
Fighting Begins in the North
Chapter 6, Section 1
Objectives to learn:
• How did Congress struggle between
peace and war with Britain?
• What advantages did each side have as it
entered the war?
• How did the Continental Army gain control
of Boston?
Introduction to the American Revolution
How did Congress struggle between peace and
war with Britain?
Peace
War
How did Congress struggle between peace and war with
Britain?
Chapter 6, Section 1
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May 10, 1775 - The Second Continental Congress met in
Philadelphia to look for a way to avoid a break with Britain.
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President – John Hancock
July 8, 1775 - Congress sent the Olive Branch Petition to
King George III.
1. Congress declared its loyalty to the king.
2. Congress asked the King to repeal the Intolerable Acts.
3. Response from the King: He ordered more troops to the
colonies.
May 10, 1775 - Ethan Allen and the Green Mountain Boys
from Vermont took Fort Ticonderoga. They took:
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British cannons and gunpowder
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Control of a key route into Canada.
June 1775 - The Second Continental Congress established
the Continental Army with George Washington as the
commander.
The Olive Branch Petition
• What things are the colonists asking for????
• “…Attached to your Majesty’s person, family, and Government,
with all devotion that principle and affection can inspire;
connected with Great Britain by the strongest ties that can unite
societies, and deploring every event that tends in any degree to
weaken them, we solemnly assure your Majesty, that we not only
most ardently desire the former harmony between her and these
Colonies may be restored, but that a concord may be established
between them upon so firm a basis as to perpetuate its blessings,
uninterrupted by any future dissensions, to succeeding
generations in both countries, and to transmit your Majesty’s
name to posterity, adorned with that signal and lasting glory that
has attended the memory of those illustrious personages, whose
virtues and abilities have extricated states from dangerous
convulsions, and by securing the happiness to others, have
erected the most noble and durable monuments to their own
fame…”
George Washington as Commander (Honors)
• Read “John Adams Nominated George
Washington” and complete #1-2 on the top
part and #1-4 on the bottom part.
• Read “George Washington, Commander in
Chief” and complete #3-4.
The Second Continental Congress
Second Continental Congress
Ethan Allen
British Defeat at Fort Ticonderoga
The Second Continental Congress
The Opposing Armies (Onlevel/Honors)
• Task: Work in groups to discuss #1-14 in
“The Opposing Armies”
• Challenge: Try the Counterbalances.
Advantages and Disadvantages of Each Side
Chapter 6, Section 1
Sides
Advantages
Disadvantages
Patriots—
colonists who
favored war
with Britain
Many Patriots owned rifles.
George Washington was a
brilliant commander.
Patriots were determined to
defend their homes and
property.
• Poorly organized and
untrained
• Few cannons, little
gunpowder, no navy
• Few colonists were willing to
enlist for long terms
British
Highly trained and experienced.
Best navy in the world.
Loyalists—American colonists
who remained loyal to British.
• Far from home
• Attacked by the colonists in
the countryside
Battle for Canada (September-December 1775) –
NOT IN YOUR BOOK!!!
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Why? – Americans want to make Canada the 14th
colony
Americans commanded by Colonel Benedict Arnold
and Brigadier General Richard Montgomery
November 13, 1775 - Montgomery captured Montreal
from Arnold
December 31, 1775 - Montgomery attacked Quebec
in the middle of a snowstorm.
• Montgomery was killed and Arnold was
wounded.
May 1776 - Americans were forced to retreat back to
Fort Ticonderoga.
Montgomery capturing Montreal
Benedict Arnold and his voyage to Quebec
Death of Montgomery, Arnold’s retreat,
The Battle of Bunker Hill
Which U.S. war is depicted in this battle scene?
What famous battle might this be?
Map 1 – Boston Today
Map 2 – Boston in 1775
Drawing 1: Charlestown Peninsula, June 17,
1775.
Painting 1: Battle of Bunker Hill by Howard Pyle,
1898.
Photo 1: A miniature showing the redoubt atop Breed's
Hill and the colonists waiting for the advancing British
troops, June 17, 1775.
The Battle of Bunker Hill
Chapter 6, Section 1
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British troops controlled Boston. Colonial militia surrounded
the city.
Across the river from Boston, minutemen fired on British
ships from Bunker Hill/Breed’s Hill under the command of
Colonel William Prescott.
British troops under the command of General William Howe
drew near to attack the colonists.
Hero – General Israel Putnam – “Don’t fire until you see the
whites of their eyes”
2 times the colonists turned back British attacks.
With the third attack the British took Bunker Hill and Breed’s
Hill, but they suffered heavy losses.
The Battle of Bunker Hill showed:
1. Americans could fight bravely.
2. The British would not be easy to defeat.
The Battle of Bunker Hill
Death of Dr. Joseph Warren
The Battle of Bunker Hill
How the Continental Army Gained Control of
Boston???
Chapter 6, Section 1
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July 17, 1775 - Washington reached Boston
and found 16,000 American untrained troops
waiting.
Washington began to train an army.
January 1776 - The cannon that the Green
Mountain Boys captured arrived in Boston
and Washington placed them on Dorchester
Heights, overlooking British ships in the
harbor.
March 1776 - British General William Howe
spotted the cannon and left Boston for
Canada.
King George III ordered the blockade of
colonial ports (Shutting of a port to keep
people of supplies from moving in or out.)
King George III hired mercenaries – Troops for
hire
British General
William Howe
July 17, 1775 – Washington takes command in
Boston
Section 1 Assessment
Chapter 6, Section 1
When the Second Continental Congress first met, the members were hoping to
a) drive the British out of Boston.
b) establish an independent empire.
c) crush the revolt.
d) avoid a final break with Britain.
One of the Patriots’ advantages was that
a) they were fighting for their own homes and property.
b) they had an excellent navy.
c) Loyalists were on their side.
d) many colonists were willing to sign up for long periods of time.
Want to connect to the American Nation link for this section? Click here.
Section 1 Assessment
Chapter 6, Section 1
When the Second Continental Congress first met, the members were hoping to
a) drive the British out of Boston.
b) establish an independent empire.
c) crush the revolt.
d) avoid a final break with Britain.
One of the Patriots’ advantages was that
a) they were fighting for their own homes and property.
b) they had an excellent navy.
c) Loyalists were on their side.
d) many colonists were willing to sign up for long periods of time.
Want to connect to the American Nation link for this section? Click here.
Chapter 6 – Section 1 Study Guide
(Onlevel/Honors)
• Read Chapter 6 – Section 1 Study Guide
• Complete the Study Guide