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Cycles of Matter in an Ecosystem Lesson 5 copyright cmassengale 1 Do Now – What is Ecology? DO Now: 1. What are decomposers? 2. Give two examples 3. Can energy be recycled or re-used? Essential Question: How is matter cycled in an ecosystem? Objective: SWBAT identify and describe the three cycles of matter in an ecosystem. Lesson Overview AGENDA Finish Owl Pellet Lab Discussion: Cycles of Matter Water Carbon Nitrogen • HOMEWORK Finish Nutrition & Energy Reading and Vocabulary Cycles of matter How much do you know? • How much do you know about biogeochemical cycles and the impact that humans have on these cycles? • Can you provide any examples of human activities that result in the alteration of the water or nutrient cycles? • Eutrophic lake Healthy lake (high primary productivity due to excessive nutrients) What are the differences?? What types of processes are occurring in each of these pictures? Which are natural? Which are man-made? Biogeochemical Cycles • “Bio” • “Geo” • “Chemical” -Biology -Geology -Chemistry • Elements, chemical, compounds,& other forms of matter passed from one organism to another. – How is this different from energy flow? Recycling in the biosphere Matter is recycled within & between ecosystems Biological systems don’t use up matter, they transform it Inhaling atoms that dinosaurs did!!! The Water Cycle • All living things require water to survive • Where does water come from? -Moves between ocean, atmosphere, & land • Evaporation -Water changes from liquid to gas • Transpiration -Water evaporates from the leaves into the atmosphere. • Condensation - Water vapor (gas) turns into liquid water forming clouds. • Precipitation -Water droplets become large enough to fall to Earth -Rain, snow, sleet, or hail • Surface Runoff - Rain, snow, that flows into streams, rivers, or canals. Condensation Evaporation Transpiration Precipitation Run off Seepage Root uptake Nutrient cycle • Nutrients- all chemical substances that an organism needs to sustain life • Every organism needs nutrient to build tissues and carry out essential life functions • AKA Carbon, Nitrogen, and Phosphorus cycles Carbon Cycle • Carbon is a key ingredient of living tissue • CO2 (Carbon dioxide) – Given off by plants & animals during respiration – Makes up atmosphere – Released into atmosphere by volcanic activity, burning fossil fuels and vegetation – Decomposition of organic matter – Taken in by plants in photosynthesis More info • 4 main processes move Carbon through the cycle 1. Biological- photosynthesis, respiration, decomposition 2. Geochemical – Erosion & volcanic activity 3. Mixed biogeochemical- burial & decompostion 4. Human Activities-mining, cutting & burning forest, burning fossil fuels CO2 in atmosphere CO2 in ocean Increased CO2 & the Greenhouse Effect http://environment.nationalgeographic.com/environment/global-warming/gwoverview-interactive.html Nitrogen cycle •All organisms require Nitrogen to make amino acids (which are used to make proteins) •N2 makes up 78% of Earth’s atmosphere •Humans add Nitrogen thru Nitrate (fertilizers) •Found in waste – -Ammonia (NH3), nitrate ions (NO3-), & nitrite ions(NO2-) More on Nitrogen Cycle • Only certain types of bacteria can use nitrogen gas directly • They are found in soil and on roots of plants called legumes (“magical fruit”) • They convert it to ammonia through Nitrogen Fixation • Other bacteria convert ammonia into nitrates & nitrites • Producers use it to make proteins • Consumers eat producers and reuse nitrogen to make proteins DEATH!!! • When organism die, decomposers return nitrogen to soil as ammonia • Ammonia taken up by producers (again) • Denitrification -other soil bacteria convert nitrates into nitrogen gas. Releases nitrogen into atmosphere. Simplified Nitrogen Cycle 1.Organic wastes(from plants and animals) add nitrogen to the soil. 2.Bacteria in the soil convert the nitrogen into forms plants can use. 3.Plants use nitrogen in the soil to grow, develop, and produce seeds. 4.Plants are eaten by animals and people. The organic waste (which contains nitrogen) is returned to the soil again. Human Impacts Phosphorus in runoff causes algal blooms and eutrophication (oxygen depletion in water) Humans contribute to this by over fertilizing, mining, and the use of sewage treatment plants.