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Imperialism Key Terms to Remember Industrialism-a system based on the use of machines. Nationalism-the belief that one’s greatest loyalty is to a shared culture. Imperialism-one nation extends its control to the government and economy of another country Sphere of influence-areas in one country, claimed by another, for trade Building Empires Nationalism and Industrialism were the driving forces behind imperialism Building Empires • The Industrial Revolution caused European nations to search for new places to colonize • Industrialized nations sought both raw materials from less developed countries and new markets for finished products • Countries in Europe were initially the key imperial powers while countries in Asia and Africa were sought-after areas to colonize Building Empires • Europeans also wanted colonies because they believed that ruling other people increased a nation’s power and glory (nationalism) • The belief in Western superiority justified imperial conquests: it as the duty of Western powers to take their superior culture to the lesser nations. British Empire India • British East India Company set up trading posts along the coast • Britain exploited India for its raw materials, while setting up markets to sell British goods; which hurt Indian industries China • As a result of losing the Opium Wars to Britain, China was forced to sign a treaty that allowed British trade. • European countries, Britain included, carved up China into their own spheres of influence. • The US created the “Open Door Policy” with China, opening the country to trade with all nations Japan • Re-opened trade with Western countries (for the first time in over 200 years) when the US threatened to attack • Initially industrialized countries began to use Japan for its raw materials • As a result of aggressive actions towards Japan, the government decided to industrialize to avoid being imperialized. • Japan became the first Asian country to begin to create its own empire Africa • Europeans exploited then took over land in Africa to get the raw materials needed for industrialization • The “scramble for Africa” began after Belgium claimed a section of the continent • The Berlin Conference of 1884-1885 set forth the rules for the division of Africa -14 European nations met, with no reps. from Africa, to divide the continent with no regard for cultural boundaries • With European advanced technology, Africa was easily dominated